mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Evaluating Robustness over High Level Driving Instruction for Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2105.10014 ↗First posted 20 May 2021cs.LG cs.AI cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Adversarial scenarios and safety testing

Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, we have witnessed increasingly high performance in the field of autonomous end-to-end driving. In particular, more and more research is being done on driving in urban environments, where the car has to follow high level commands to navigate. However, few evaluations are made on the ability of these agents to react in an unexpected situation. Specifically, no evaluations are conducted on the robustness of driving agents in the event of a bad high-level command. We propose here an evaluation method, namely a benchmark that allows to assess the robustness of an agent, and to appreciate its understanding of the environment through its ability to keep a safe behavior, regardless of the instruction.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Adversarial scenarios and safety testing, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 23 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2021.

Builds on

23 of 34 references.

References · 23

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
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  12. 2019End-to-End Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Urban Driving using Implicit Affordancescited by 147
11 more
  1. 2018CIRL: Controllable Imitative Reinforcement Learning for Vision-based Self-drivingcited by 96
  2. 2019Model-free Deep Reinforcement Learning for Urban Autonomous Drivingcited by 96
  3. 2019Urban Driving with Conditional Imitation Learningcited by 84
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  5. 2018Conditional Affordance Learning for Driving in Urban Environmentscited by 70
  6. 2019Learning to Generalize from Sparse and Underspecified Rewardscited by 39
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1.

1 paper.

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  1. 2025Towards Benchmarking and Assessing the Safety and Robustness of Autonomous Driving on Safety-critical Scenarios
  2. 2026Bench2Drive-Robust: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving under Deployment Perturbations
  3. 2022Safer Autonomous Driving in a Stochastic, Partially-Observable Environment by Hierarchical Contingency Planning
  4. 2026HiDrive: A Closed-Loop Benchmark for High-Level Autonomous Driving
  5. 2026ICR-Drive: Instruction Counterfactual Robustness for End-to-End Language-Driven Autonomous Driving
  6. 2024Training Adversarial yet Safe Agent to Characterize Safety Performance of Highly Automated Vehicles
  7. 2024DRIVE: Dependable Robust Interpretable Visionary Ensemble Framework in Autonomous Driving
  8. 2022Control-Aware Prediction Objectives for Autonomous Driving