2.5D Visual Relationship Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Visual 2.5D perception involves understanding the semantics and geometry of a scene through reasoning about object relationships with respect to the viewer in an environment. However, existing works in visual recognition primarily focus on the semantics. To bridge this gap, we study 2.5D visual relationship detection (2.5VRD), in which the goal is to jointly detect objects and predict their relative depth and occlusion relationships. Unlike general VRD, 2.5VRD is egocentric, using the camera's viewpoint as a common reference for all 2.5D relationships. Unlike depth estimation, 2.5VRD is object-centric and not only focuses on depth. To enable progress on this task, we create a new dataset consisting of 220k human-annotated 2.5D relationships among 512K objects from 11K images. We analyze this dataset and conduct extensive experiments including benchmarking multiple state-of-the-art VRD models on this task. Our results show that existing models largely rely on semantic cues and simple heuristics to solve 2.5VRD, motivating further research on models for 2.5D perception. The new dataset is available at https://github.com/google-research-datasets/2.5vrd.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2021.
Builds on
45 of 92 references.
References · 45
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33 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 1; 2025: 4.
7 papers.
- 2024SAT: Dynamic Spatial Aptitude Training for Multimodal Language Modelscited by 114
- 2025MM-Spatial: Exploring 3D Spatial Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 73
- 20213D Question Answeringcited by 41
- 2025SITE: towards Spatial Intelligence Thorough Evaluationcited by 29
- 2025SIMS-V: Simulated Instruction-Tuning for Spatial Video Understandingcited by 16
- 2022Distance-Aware Occlusion Detection with Focused Attentioncited by 6
- 2025Occlusion-Ordered Semantic Instance Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025SIMS-V: Simulated Instruction-Tuning for Spatial Video Understanding6 Nov 2025
- 2025SITE: towards Spatial Intelligence Thorough Evaluation8 May 2025
- 2025Occlusion-Ordered Semantic Instance Segmentation18 Apr 2025
- 2025MM-Spatial: Exploring 3D Spatial Understanding in Multimodal LLMs17 Mar 2025
- 2024SAT: Dynamic Spatial Aptitude Training for Multimodal Language Models10 Dec 2024
- 2022Distance-Aware Occlusion Detection with Focused Attention23 Aug 2022
- 20213D Question Answering15 Dec 2021