mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PENet: Towards Precise and Efficient Image Guided Depth Completion

arXiv 2103.00783 ↗First posted 1 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 146

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Abstract (arXiv)

Image guided depth completion is the task of generating a dense depth map from a sparse depth map and a high quality image. In this task, how to fuse the color and depth modalities plays an important role in achieving good performance. This paper proposes a two-branch backbone that consists of a color-dominant branch and a depth-dominant branch to exploit and fuse two modalities thoroughly. More specifically, one branch inputs a color image and a sparse depth map to predict a dense depth map. The other branch takes as inputs the sparse depth map and the previously predicted depth map, and outputs a dense depth map as well. The depth maps predicted from two branches are complimentary to each other and therefore they are adaptively fused. In addition, we also propose a simple geometric convolutional layer to encode 3D geometric cues. The geometric encoded backbone conducts the fusion of different modalities at multiple stages, leading to good depth completion results. We further implement a dilated and accelerated CSPN++ to refine the fused depth map efficiently. The proposed full model ranks 1st in the KITTI depth completion online leaderboard at the time of submission. It also infers much faster than most of the top ranked methods. The code of this work is available at https://github.com/JUGGHM/PENet_ICRA2021.

Key facts. Cited by 146 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2021.

Builds on

27 of 32 references.

References · 27

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  4. 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
  5. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  6. 2015Multi-Scale Context Aggregation by Dilated Convolutionscited by 1,128
  7. 2017Sparsity Invariant CNNscited by 325
  8. 2018An Intriguing Failing of Convolutional Neural Networks and the CoordConv Solutioncited by 302
  9. 2019SOLO: Segmenting Objects by Locationscited by 289
  10. 2020Non-Local Spatial Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 194
  11. 2017Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Imagecited by 159
  12. 2018DeepLiDAR: Deep Surface Normal Guided Depth Prediction for Outdoor Scene from Sparse LiDAR Data and Single Color Imagecited by 129
15 more
  1. 2019Learning Guided Convolutional Network for Depth Completioncited by 111
  2. 2019CSPN++: Learning Context and Resource Aware Convolutional Spatial Propagation Networks for Depth Completioncited by 110
  3. 2018Depth Estimation via Affinity Learned with Convolutional Spatial Propagation Networkcited by 109
  4. 2019Depth Completion from Sparse LiDAR Data with Depth-Normal Constraintscited by 108
  5. 2017Learning Affinity via Spatial Propagation Networkscited by 79
  6. 2019Sparse and noisy LiDAR completion with RGB guidance and uncertaintycited by 79
  7. 2018Sparse and Dense Data with CNNs: Depth Completion and Semantic Segmentationcited by 76
  8. 2020Learning Joint 2D-3D Representations for Depth Completioncited by 71
  9. 2020Cars Can't Fly up in the Sky: Improving Urban-Scene Segmentation via Height-driven Attention Networkscited by 70
  10. 2020Adaptive Context-Aware Multi-Modal Network for Depth Completioncited by 69
  11. 2020Uncertainty-Aware CNNs for Depth Completion: Uncertainty from Beginning to Endcited by 55
  12. 2018Propagating Confidences through CNNs for Sparse Data Regressioncited by 36
  13. 2018HMS-Net: Hierarchical Multi-scale Sparsity-invariant Network for Sparse Depth Completioncited by 32
  14. 2020Deformable spatial propagation network for depth completioncited by 30
  15. 2016Semantically Guided Depth Upsamplingcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 33; 2023: 28; 2024: 41; 2025: 25; 2026: 9.

146 papers.

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  1. 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 389
  2. 2021Multimodal Virtual Point 3D Detectioncited by 166
  3. 2023CompletionFormer: Depth Completion with Convolutions and Vision Transformerscited by 92
  4. 2022Sparse Fuse Dense: Towards High Quality 3D Detection with Depth Completioncited by 82
  5. 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
  6. 2022Dynamic Spatial Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 70
  7. 2025Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priorscited by 69
  8. 2024Bilateral Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 59
  9. 2022Transformation-Equivariant 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 52
  10. 2022Domain Randomization-Enhanced Depth Simulation and Restoration for Perceiving and Grasping Specular and Transparent Objectscited by 49
  11. 2023LRRU: Long-short Range Recurrent Updating Networks for Depth Completioncited by 48
  12. 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completioncited by 42
38 more
  1. 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
  2. 2022Deep Depth Completion from Extremely Sparse Data: A Surveycited by 33
  3. 2022Not Just Streaks: Towards Ground Truth for Single Image Derainingcited by 31
  4. 2022Sparsity Agnostic Depth Completioncited by 27
  5. 2024DepthLab: From Partial to Completecited by 27
  6. 2021BIPS: Bi-modal Indoor Panorama Synthesis via Residual Depth-aided Adversarial Learningcited by 26
  7. 2022DELTAR: Depth Estimation from a Light-weight ToF Sensor and RGB Imagecited by 26
  8. 2024Test-Time Adaptation for Depth Completioncited by 26
  9. 2022Monitored Distillation for Positive Congruent Depth Completioncited by 24
  10. 2021Bayesian Deep Basis Fitting for Depth Completion with Uncertaintycited by 23
  11. 2022Multi-Modal Masked Pre-Training for Monocular Panoramic Depth Completioncited by 23
  12. 2022SemAttNet: Towards Attention-based Semantic Aware Guided Depth Completioncited by 23
  13. 2022GraphCSPN: Geometry-Aware Depth Completion via Dynamic GCNscited by 23
  14. 2024OGNI-DC: Robust Depth Completion with Optimization-Guided Neural Iterationscited by 23
  15. 2021Stereoscopic Universal Perturbations across Different Architectures and Datasetscited by 17
  16. 2022Consistent Direct Time-of-Flight Video Depth Super-Resolutioncited by 16
  17. 2023AugUndo: Scaling Up Augmentations for Monocular Depth Completion and Estimationcited by 15
  18. 2023SACReg: Scene-Agnostic Coordinate Regression for Visual Localizationcited by 14
  19. 2024DORNet: A Degradation Oriented and Regularized Network for Blind Depth Super-Resolutioncited by 14
  20. 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 13
  21. 2022Depth Completion using Geometry-Aware Embeddingcited by 12
  22. 2023FDCT: Fast Depth Completion for Transparent Objectscited by 12
  23. 2023Sparse Beats Dense: Rethinking Supervision in Radar-Camera Depth Completioncited by 12
  24. 2023TULIP: Transformer for Upsampling of LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 12
  25. 2024Completion as Enhancement: A Degradation-Aware Selective Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 12
  26. 2021Wild ToFu: Improving Range and Quality of Indirect Time-of-Flight Depth with RGB Fusion in Challenging Environmentscited by 11
  27. 2023RigNet++: Semantic Assisted Repetitive Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 11
  28. 2022Unsupervised confidence for LiDAR depth maps and applicationscited by 10
  29. 2023Decomposed Guided Dynamic Filters for Efficient RGB-Guided Depth Completioncited by 10
  30. 2024Pixel to Elevation: Learning to Predict Elevation Maps at Long Range using Images for Autonomous Offroad Navigationcited by 10
  31. 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Imagecited by 10
  32. 2022Simultaneous Acquisition of High Quality RGB Image and Polarization Information using a Sparse Polarization Sensorcited by 9
  33. 2023Clutter Detection and Removal in 3D Scenes with View-Consistent Inpaintingcited by 9
  34. 2025Extending Foundational Monocular Depth Estimators to Fisheye Cameras with Calibration Tokenscited by 9
  35. 2023Active Stereo Without Pattern Projectorcited by 8
  36. 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completioncited by 8
  37. 2024RGB Guided ToF Imaging System: A Survey of Deep Learning-based Methodscited by 8
  38. 2024Cross-spectral Gated-RGB Stereo Depth Estimationcited by 8

50 most cited of 146 All 146 (JSON)