End-to-end Lane Shape Prediction with Transformers
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Abstract (arXiv)
Lane detection, the process of identifying lane markings as approximated curves, is widely used for lane departure warning and adaptive cruise control in autonomous vehicles. The popular pipeline that solves it in two steps -- feature extraction plus post-processing, while useful, is too inefficient and flawed in learning the global context and lanes' long and thin structures. To tackle these issues, we propose an end-to-end method that directly outputs parameters of a lane shape model, using a network built with a transformer to learn richer structures and context. The lane shape model is formulated based on road structures and camera pose, providing physical interpretation for parameters of network output. The transformer models non-local interactions with a self-attention mechanism to capture slender structures and global context. The proposed method is validated on the TuSimple benchmark and shows state-of-the-art accuracy with the most lightweight model size and fastest speed. Additionally, our method shows excellent adaptability to a challenging self-collected lane detection dataset, showing its powerful deployment potential in real applications. Codes are available at https://github.com/liuruijin17/LSTR.
Key facts. Cited by 111 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 19; 2023: 28; 2024: 31; 2025: 11; 2026: 10.
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- 2021Transformer in Transformercited by 633
- 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 314
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 193
- 2021Visual Saliency Transformercited by 175
- 2021Transformer-Based Attention Networks for Continuous Pixel-Wise Predictioncited by 125
- 2021CondLaneNet: a Top-to-down Lane Detection Framework Based on Conditional Convolutioncited by 95
- 2022Rethinking Efficient Lane Detection via Curve Modelingcited by 88
- 2023PivotNet: Vectorized Pivot Learning for End-to-end HD Map Constructioncited by 85
- 2021P2T: Pyramid Pooling Transformer for Scene Understandingcited by 84
- 2021OadTR: Online Action Detection with Transformerscited by 83
- 2022CLRNet: Cross Layer Refinement Network for Lane Detectioncited by 82
- 2023End-to-End Vectorized HD-map Construction with Piecewise Bezier Curvecited by 82
38 more
- 2022A Keypoint-based Global Association Network for Lane Detectioncited by 68
- 2021TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformerscited by 61
- 2022TAPE: Task-Agnostic Prior Embedding for Image Restorationcited by 55
- 2023Online Map Vectorization for Autonomous Driving: A Rasterization Perspectivecited by 54
- 2023Lane Graph as Path: Continuity-preserving Path-wise Modeling for Online Lane Graph Constructioncited by 50
- 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 48
- 2024HIMap: HybrId Representation Learning for End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 48
- 2023LATR: 3D Lane Detection from Monocular Images with Transformercited by 44
- 2021Visual Grounding with Transformerscited by 42
- 2022CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 40
- 2022Ultra Fast Deep Lane Detection with Hybrid Anchor Driven Ordinal Classificationcited by 39
- 2021Learning to Predict 3D Lane Shape and Camera Pose from a Single Image via Geometry Constraintscited by 30
- 2023VST++: Efficient and Stronger Visual Saliency Transformercited by 28
- 2023Using Sequences of Life-events to Predict Human Livescited by 27
- 2024Towards Robust Physical-world Backdoor Attacks on Lane Detectioncited by 26
- 2022Laneformer: Object-aware Row-Column Transformers for Lane Detectioncited by 25
- 2021VIL-100: A New Dataset and A Baseline Model for Video Instance Lane Detectioncited by 21
- 2022RCLane: Relay Chain Prediction for Lane Detectioncited by 20
- 2022Emergent Visual Sensors for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 18
- 2024LanEvil: Benchmarking the Robustness of Lane Detection to Environmental Illusionscited by 18
- 2023CLRerNet: Improving Confidence of Lane Detection with LaneIoUcited by 17
- 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priorscited by 17
- 2023ADNet: Lane Shape Prediction via Anchor Decompositioncited by 14
- 2023BSNet: Lane Detection via Draw B-spline Curves Nearbycited by 13
- 2022BEV-Locator: An End-to-end Visual Semantic Localization Network Using Multi-View Imagescited by 12
- 2023GroupLane: End-to-End 3D Lane Detection with Channel-wise Groupingcited by 11
- 2023VMA: Divide-and-Conquer Vectorized Map Annotation System for Large-Scale Driving Scenecited by 10
- 2024CurveFormer++: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Temporal Curve Queries and Attentioncited by 10
- 2023Recursive Video Lane Detectioncited by 9
- 2024Monocular 3D lane detection for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlookscited by 9
- 2024DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representationcited by 9
- 2023Transformer-Based Autonomous Driving Models and Deployment-Oriented Compression: A Surveycited by 8
- 2024Anchor3DLane++: 3D Lane Detection via Sample-Adaptive Sparse 3D Anchor Regressioncited by 8
- 2022Lane Detection with Versatile AtrousFormer and Local Semantic Guidancecited by 7
- 2022M2-3DLaneNet: Exploring Multi-Modal 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
- 2023An Efficient Transformer for Simultaneous Learning of BEV and Lane Representations in 3D Lane Detectioncited by 7
- 2024CLFT: Camera-LiDAR Fusion Transformer for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 7
- 2022Vision Transformers: From Semantic Segmentation to Dense Predictioncited by 6
50 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)
- 2026SIGMA-Lane: Scale-pyramId Gated MAmba for Temporally Consistent Video Lane Detection17 Aug 2026
- 2026Structure-Enhanced Features and Quality-Aware Dynamic Anchor Scoring for Robust Lane Detection10 Aug 2026
- 2026Benchmarking the Robustness of Autonomous Driving to Environmental Illusions: A Lane Perception Perspective7 Jul 2026
- 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detection30 Jun 2026
- 2026GFSR: Geometric Fidelity and Spatial Refinement for Reliable Lane Detection22 May 2026
- 2026PoseDriver: A Unified Approach to Multi-Category Skeleton Detection for Autonomous Driving24 Mar 2026
- 2026HG-Lane: High-Fidelity Generation of Lane Scenes under Adverse Weather and Lighting Conditions without Re-annotation10 Mar 2026
- 2026Efficient Sequential Neural Network with Spatial-Temporal Attention and Linear LSTM for Robust Lane Detection Using Multi-Frame Images3 Feb 2026
- 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detection8 Jan 2026
- 2026Real-Time Lane Detection via Efficient Feature Alignment and Covariance Optimization for Low-Power Embedded Systems5 Jan 2026
- 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queries17 Nov 2025
- 2025Argus: Resilience-Oriented Safety Assurance Framework for End-to-End ADSs12 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025DiffusionLane: Diffusion Model for Lane Detection25 Oct 2025
- 2025Machine Learning in Micromobility: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Techniques, and Applications22 Aug 2025
- 2025RATopo: Improving Lane Topology Reasoning via Redundancy Assignment21 Aug 2025
- 2025Adapt, But Don't Forget: Fine-Tuning and Contrastive Routing for Lane Detection under Distribution Shift22 Jul 2025
- 2025Depth3DLane: Fusing Monocular 3D Lane Detection with Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation18 Jul 2025
- 2025Elytra: A Flexible Framework for Securing Large Vision Systems31 May 2025
- 2025Breaking Down Monocular Ambiguity: Exploiting Temporal Evolution for 3D Lane Detection29 Apr 2025
- 2025Depth3DLane: Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Depth Prior Distillation25 Apr 2025
- 2025GLane3D : Detecting Lanes with Graph of 3D Keypoints31 Mar 2025
- 2024Anchor3DLane++: 3D Lane Detection via Sample-Adaptive Sparse 3D Anchor Regression22 Dec 2024
- 2024Monocular Lane Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Survey25 Nov 2024
- 2024Polar R-CNN: End-to-End Lane Detection with Fewer Anchors3 Nov 2024
- 2024Cross Dataset Analysis and Network Architecture Repair for Autonomous Car Lane Detection10 Sep 2024
- 2024LaneTCA: Enhancing Video Lane Detection with Temporal Context Aggregation25 Aug 2024
- 2024LOID: Lane Occlusion Inpainting and Detection for Enhanced Autonomous Driving Systems17 Aug 2024
- 2024HeightLane: BEV Heightmap guided 3D Lane Detection15 Aug 2024
- 2024OMR: Occlusion-Aware Memory-Based Refinement for Video Lane Detection14 Aug 2024
- 2024Flexible 3D Lane Detection by Hierarchical Shape MatchingFlexible 3D Lane Detection by Hierarchical Shape Matching13 Aug 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Lane Detection via Contextual Contrast and Aggregation18 Jul 2024
- 2024Continuity Preserving Online CenterLine Graph Learning16 Jul 2024
- 2024DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representation23 Jun 2024
- 2024ALINA: Advanced Line Identification and Notation Algorithm13 Jun 2024
- 2024LaneCPP: Continuous 3D Lane Detection using Physical Priors12 Jun 2024
- 2024LanEvil: Benchmarking the Robustness of Lane Detection to Environmental Illusions3 Jun 2024
- 2024CLRKDNet: Speeding up Lane Detection with Knowledge Distillation21 May 2024
- 2024Selective Focus: Investigating Semantics Sensitivity in Post-training Quantization for Lane Detection10 May 2024
- 2024Towards Robust Physical-world Backdoor Attacks on Lane Detection9 May 2024
- 2024CLFT: Camera-LiDAR Fusion Transformer for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving27 Apr 2024
- 2024BezierFormer: A Unified Architecture for 2D and 3D Lane Detection25 Apr 2024
- 2024Sparse Laneformer11 Apr 2024
- 2024Monocular 3D lane detection for Autonomous Driving: Recent Achievements, Challenges, and Outlooks10 Apr 2024
- 2024ENet-21: An Optimized light CNN Structure for Lane Detection28 Mar 2024
- 2024Hyperspherical Classification with Dynamic Label-to-Prototype Assignment25 Mar 2024
- 2024LDTR: Transformer-based Lane Detection with Anchor-chain Representation21 Mar 2024
- 2024HIMap: HybrId Representation Learning for End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Construction13 Mar 2024
- 2024A Survey of Vision Transformers in Autonomous Driving: Current Trends and Future Directions12 Mar 2024
- 2024LanePtrNet: Revisiting Lane Detection as Point Voting and Grouping on Curves8 Mar 2024
- 2024Lane2Seq: Towards Unified Lane Detection via Sequence Generation27 Feb 2024
50 newest of 111 All 111 (JSON)
- 2025DiffusionLane: Diffusion Model for Lane Detectioncited by 0
- 2025DiffusionLane: Diffusion Model for Lane Detection25 Oct 2025
- 2021Transformer in Transformercited by 633
- 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 314
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 193
- 2021Visual Saliency Transformercited by 175
- 2021Transformer-Based Attention Networks for Continuous Pixel-Wise Predictioncited by 125
- 2021CondLaneNet: a Top-to-down Lane Detection Framework Based on Conditional Convolutioncited by 95
- 2022Rethinking Efficient Lane Detection via Curve Modelingcited by 88
- 2023PivotNet: Vectorized Pivot Learning for End-to-end HD Map Constructioncited by 85
- 2021P2T: Pyramid Pooling Transformer for Scene Understandingcited by 84
- 2021OadTR: Online Action Detection with Transformerscited by 83
- 2022CLRNet: Cross Layer Refinement Network for Lane Detectioncited by 82
- 2023End-to-End Vectorized HD-map Construction with Piecewise Bezier Curvecited by 82
12 most cited of 106 All 106 (JSON)
- 2026Structure-Enhanced Features and Quality-Aware Dynamic Anchor Scoring for Robust Lane Detection10 Aug 2026
- 2026HSDF-Lane: Height-Aligned Signed Distance Field with Semantic Lane Prior for 3D Lane Detection30 Jun 2026
- 2026GFSR: Geometric Fidelity and Spatial Refinement for Reliable Lane Detection22 May 2026
- 2026PoseDriver: A Unified Approach to Multi-Category Skeleton Detection for Autonomous Driving24 Mar 2026
- 2026HG-Lane: High-Fidelity Generation of Lane Scenes under Adverse Weather and Lighting Conditions without Re-annotation10 Mar 2026
- 2026Efficient Sequential Neural Network with Spatial-Temporal Attention and Linear LSTM for Robust Lane Detection Using Multi-Frame Images3 Feb 2026
- 2026SparseLaneSTP: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Priors with Sparse Transformers for 3D Lane Detection8 Jan 2026
- 2026Real-Time Lane Detection via Efficient Feature Alignment and Covariance Optimization for Low-Power Embedded Systems5 Jan 2026
- 2025Monocular 3D Lane Detection via Structure Uncertainty-Aware Network with Curve-Point Queries17 Nov 2025
- 2025Machine Learning in Micromobility: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Techniques, and Applications22 Aug 2025
- 2025RATopo: Improving Lane Topology Reasoning via Redundancy Assignment21 Aug 2025
- 2025Adapt, But Don't Forget: Fine-Tuning and Contrastive Routing for Lane Detection under Distribution Shift22 Jul 2025
12 newest of 106 All 106 (JSON)