mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

NATS-Bench: Benchmarking NAS Algorithms for Architecture Topology and Size

arXiv 2009.00437 ↗First posted 28 Aug 2020cs.LG stat.MLcited by 98

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Neural architecture search (NAS) has attracted a lot of attention and has been illustrated to bring tangible benefits in a large number of applications in the past few years. Architecture topology and architecture size have been regarded as two of the most important aspects for the performance of deep learning models and the community has spawned lots of searching algorithms for both aspects of the neural architectures. However, the performance gain from these searching algorithms is achieved under different search spaces and training setups. This makes the overall performance of the algorithms to some extent incomparable and the improvement from a sub-module of the searching model unclear. In this paper, we propose NATS-Bench, a unified benchmark on searching for both topology and size, for (almost) any up-to-date NAS algorithm. NATS-Bench includes the search space of 15,625 neural cell candidates for architecture topology and 32,768 for architecture size on three datasets. We analyze the validity of our benchmark in terms of various criteria and performance comparison of all candidates in the search space. We also show the versatility of NATS-Bench by benchmarking 13 recent state-of-the-art NAS algorithms on it. All logs and diagnostic information trained using the same setup for each candidate are provided. This facilitates a much larger community of researchers to focus on developing better NAS algorithms in a more comparable and computationally cost friendly environment. All codes are publicly available at: https://xuanyidong.com/assets/projects/NATS-Bench.

Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2020.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 23; 2023: 17; 2024: 15; 2025: 11; 2026: 10.

98 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021Neural Architecture Search on ImageNet in Four GPU Hours: A Theoretically Inspired Perspectivecited by 168
  2. 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
  3. 2023EvoPrompting: Language Models for Code-Level Neural Architecture Searchcited by 131
  4. 2021HW-NAS-Bench:Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search Benchmarkcited by 83
  5. 2021BossNAS: Exploring Hybrid CNN-transformers with Block-wisely Self-supervised Neural Architecture Searchcited by 63
  6. 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 60
  7. 2023ZiCo: Zero-shot NAS via Inverse Coefficient of Variation on Gradientscited by 58
  8. 2022NAS-Bench-Suite: NAS Evaluation is (Now) Surprisingly Easycited by 36
  9. 2023Bridging Discrete and Backpropagation: Straight-Through and Beyondcited by 31
  10. 2022NAS-Bench-Graph: Benchmarking Graph Neural Architecture Searchcited by 25
  11. 2021ProxyBO: Accelerating Neural Architecture Search via Bayesian Optimization with Zero-cost Proxiescited by 21
  12. 2023Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunitiescited by 21
38 more
  1. 2021NAS-Bench-x11 and the Power of Learning Curvescited by 20
  2. 2021PyGlove: Symbolic Programming for Automated Machine Learningcited by 19
  3. 2021Isometric Propagation Network for Generalized Zero-shot Learningcited by 18
  4. 2022Neural Architecture Search as Multiobjective Optimization Benchmarks: Problem Formulation and Performance Assessmentcited by 17
  5. 2021Few-Shot Learning with a Strong Teachercited by 16
  6. 2021Accelerating Neural Architecture Search via Proxy Datacited by 14
  7. 2022Generalization Properties of NAS under Activation and Skip Connection Searchcited by 14
  8. 2022EZNAS: Evolving Zero Cost Proxies For Neural Architecture Scoringcited by 14
  9. 2024Offline Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 14
  10. 2025OptunaHub: A Platform for Black-Box Optimizationcited by 14
  11. 2021Automated Deep Learning: Neural Architecture Search Is Not the Endcited by 13
  12. 2023Order-Preserving GFlowNetscited by 13
  13. 2022Prior-Guided One-shot Neural Architecture Searchcited by 12
  14. 2022FreeREA: Training-Free Evolution-based Architecture Searchcited by 10
  15. 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 10
  16. 2024Efficient Lifelong Model Evaluation in an Era of Rapid Progresscited by 10
  17. 2021NAS-HPO-Bench-II: A Benchmark Dataset on Joint Optimization of Convolutional Neural Network Architecture and Training Hyperparameterscited by 9
  18. 2022Construction of Hierarchical Neural Architecture Search Spaces based on Context-free Grammarscited by 9
  19. 2021Landmark Regularization: Ranking Guided Super-Net Training in Neural Architecture Searchcited by 8
  20. 2024HM3: Hierarchical Multi-Objective Model Merging for Pretrained Modelscited by 8
  21. 2024No More Adam: Learning Rate Scaling at Initialization is All You Needcited by 7
  22. 2022TabNAS: Rejection Sampling for Neural Architecture Search on Tabular Datasetscited by 6
  23. 2024Noise-Adaptive Confidence Sets for Linear Bandits and Application to Bayesian Optimizationcited by 6
  24. 2022Generalized Global Ranking-Aware Neural Architecture Ranker for Efficient Image Classifier Searchcited by 5
  25. 2022GraphPNAS: Learning Distribution of Good Neural Architectures via Deep Graph Generative Modelscited by 5
  26. 2024Insights from the Use of Previously Unseen Neural Architecture Search Datasetscited by 5
  27. 2021Mixed Variable Bayesian Optimization with Frequency Modulated Kernelscited by 4
  28. 2021HyperJump: Accelerating HyperBand via Risk Modellingcited by 4
  29. 2021CONetV2: Efficient Auto-Channel Size Optimization for CNNscited by 4
  30. 2021EH-DNAS: End-to-End Hardware-aware Differentiable Neural Architecture Searchcited by 4
  31. 2022Searching for Network Width with Bilaterally Coupled Networkcited by 4
  32. 2024Principled Architecture-aware Scaling of Hyperparameterscited by 4
  33. 2024RedTest: Towards Measuring Redundancy in Deep Neural Networks Effectivelycited by 4
  34. 2025Cost-aware Stopping for Bayesian Optimizationcited by 4
  35. 2021Contrastive Embeddings for Neural Architecturescited by 3
  36. 2021FEAR: A Simple Lightweight Method to Rank Architecturescited by 3
  37. 2022Neural Capacitance: A New Perspective of Neural Network Selection via Edge Dynamicscited by 3
  38. 2022B2EA: An Evolutionary Algorithm Assisted by Two Bayesian Optimization Modules for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 3

50 most cited of 98 All 98 (JSON)