NATS-Bench: Benchmarking NAS Algorithms for Architecture Topology and Size
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Abstract (arXiv)
Neural architecture search (NAS) has attracted a lot of attention and has been illustrated to bring tangible benefits in a large number of applications in the past few years. Architecture topology and architecture size have been regarded as two of the most important aspects for the performance of deep learning models and the community has spawned lots of searching algorithms for both aspects of the neural architectures. However, the performance gain from these searching algorithms is achieved under different search spaces and training setups. This makes the overall performance of the algorithms to some extent incomparable and the improvement from a sub-module of the searching model unclear. In this paper, we propose NATS-Bench, a unified benchmark on searching for both topology and size, for (almost) any up-to-date NAS algorithm. NATS-Bench includes the search space of 15,625 neural cell candidates for architecture topology and 32,768 for architecture size on three datasets. We analyze the validity of our benchmark in terms of various criteria and performance comparison of all candidates in the search space. We also show the versatility of NATS-Bench by benchmarking 13 recent state-of-the-art NAS algorithms on it. All logs and diagnostic information trained using the same setup for each candidate are provided. This facilitates a much larger community of researchers to focus on developing better NAS algorithms in a more comparable and computationally cost friendly environment. All codes are publicly available at: https://xuanyidong.com/assets/projects/NATS-Bench.
Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 23; 2023: 17; 2024: 15; 2025: 11; 2026: 10.
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- 2024Zero-Shot NAS via the Suppression of Local Entropy Decrease9 Nov 2024
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- 2024NEAR: A Training-Free Pre-Estimator of Machine Learning Model Performance16 Aug 2024
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- 2024Noise-Adaptive Confidence Sets for Linear Bandits and Application to Bayesian Optimization12 Feb 2024
- 2023Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Architecture17 Dec 2023
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- 2021Neural Architecture Search on ImageNet in Four GPU Hours: A Theoretically Inspired Perspectivecited by 168
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
- 2023EvoPrompting: Language Models for Code-Level Neural Architecture Searchcited by 131
- 2021HW-NAS-Bench:Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search Benchmarkcited by 83
- 2021BossNAS: Exploring Hybrid CNN-transformers with Block-wisely Self-supervised Neural Architecture Searchcited by 63
- 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 60
- 2023ZiCo: Zero-shot NAS via Inverse Coefficient of Variation on Gradientscited by 58
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite: NAS Evaluation is (Now) Surprisingly Easycited by 36
- 2023Bridging Discrete and Backpropagation: Straight-Through and Beyondcited by 31
- 2022NAS-Bench-Graph: Benchmarking Graph Neural Architecture Searchcited by 25
- 2021ProxyBO: Accelerating Neural Architecture Search via Bayesian Optimization with Zero-cost Proxiescited by 21
- 2023Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunitiescited by 21
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- 2026Prediction-powered Neural Architecture Search1 Oct 2026
- 2026ScAn-Bench: Evaluating Scaling Analysis Methodology28 Sep 2026
- 2026Neural Spectral Capacity: Measuring and Designing Architectures from Network Specification Alone19 Sep 2026
- 2026RiPPLE: Cross-Space Performance Prediction from Early Training for Neural Architecture Search11 Sep 2026
- 2026CoRA-NAS: Coarse Ranking and Anchor-Residual Refinement for Neural Architecture Search10 Sep 2026
- 2026Bi-EZP: LLM-Guided Bilevel Program Evolution for Ensemble Zero-Cost Proxy Discovery22 Aug 2026
- 2026LEMUR 2: Unlocking Neural Network Diversity for AI7 Jul 2026
- 2026PrototypeNAS: Rapid Design of Deep Neural Networks for Microcontroller Units16 Mar 2026
- 2026SEval-NAS: A Search-Agnostic Evaluation for Neural Architecture Search17 Feb 2026
- 2025ONNX-Net: Towards Universal Representations and Instant Performance Prediction for Neural Architectures6 Oct 2025
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- 2025Dextr: Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search with Singular Value Decomposition and Extrinsic Curvature18 Aug 2025
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