Understanding the Role of Training Regimes in Continual Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Catastrophic forgetting affects the training of neural networks, limiting their ability to learn multiple tasks sequentially. From the perspective of the well established plasticity-stability dilemma, neural networks tend to be overly plastic, lacking the stability necessary to prevent the forgetting of previous knowledge, which means that as learning progresses, networks tend to forget previously seen tasks. This phenomenon coined in the continual learning literature, has attracted much attention lately, and several families of approaches have been proposed with different degrees of success. However, there has been limited prior work extensively analyzing the impact that different training regimes -- learning rate, batch size, regularization method-- can have on forgetting. In this work, we depart from the typical approach of altering the learning algorithm to improve stability. Instead, we hypothesize that the geometrical properties of the local minima found for each task play an important role in the overall degree of forgetting. In particular, we study the effect of dropout, learning rate decay, and batch size, on forming training regimes that widen the tasks' local minima and consequently, on helping it not to forget catastrophically. Our study provides practical insights to improve stability via simple yet effective techniques that outperform alternative baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 180 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 31; 2022: 33; 2023: 35; 2024: 26; 2025: 34; 2026: 21.
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- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You Needcited by 184
- 2023Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models: How to (re)warm your model?cited by 137
- 2021An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Pre-training in Lifelong Learningcited by 134
- 2021Online Coreset Selection for Rehearsal-based Continual Learningcited by 117
- 2023SAM-CLIP: Merging Vision Foundation Models towards Semantic and Spatial Understandingcited by 111
- 2022Remember the Past: Distilling Datasets into Addressable Memories for Neural Networkscited by 104
- 2021Representational Continuity for Unsupervised Continual Learningcited by 95
- 2022Continual Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks: A Surveycited by 83
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- 2026Neural Succession: A Mesoscopic Theory of Invasion, Coexistence, and Stabilization in Continual Learning28 Sep 2026
- 2026Normative Loss Landscape Navigation: A Trajectory-Based Approach to Mitigating Forgetting in Incremental Learning28 Sep 2026
- 2026Reliable Replay through Spatial Coherence in Online Continual Learning27 Sep 2026
- 2026Meta-learning accelerates detector design optimization22 Sep 2026
- 2026TASTE: Throughput-Aware Batch Size Tuning for On-Device Edge Learning7 Sep 2026
- 2026The Sequential Price of Continual Learning30 Aug 2026
- 2026In Two Minds about Lifelong Learning: Exploring Hemispheric Redundancy and Specialisation in Neural Models20 Aug 2026
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