Adaptive Reward-Free Exploration
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Abstract (arXiv)
Reward-free exploration is a reinforcement learning setting studied by Jin et al. (2020), who address it by running several algorithms with regret guarantees in parallel. In our work, we instead give a more natural adaptive approach for reward-free exploration which directly reduces upper bounds on the maximum MDP estimation error. We show that, interestingly, our reward-free UCRL algorithm can be seen as a variant of an algorithm of Fiechter from 1994, originally proposed for a different objective that we call best-policy identification. We prove that RF-UCRL needs of order (SAH4/varepsilon2)(log(1/δ) + S) episodes to output, with probability 1-δ, an varepsilon-approximation of the optimal policy for any reward function. This bound improves over existing sample-complexity bounds in both the small varepsilon and the small δ regimes. We further investigate the relative complexities of reward-free exploration and best-policy identification.
Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 17; 2023: 18; 2024: 11; 2025: 6; 2026: 11.
77 papers.
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- 2021Reward is enough for convex MDPscited by 82
- 2022BYOL-Explore: Exploration by Bootstrapped Predictioncited by 71
- 2021UCB Momentum Q-learning: Correcting the bias without forgettingcited by 45
- 2023DrM: Mastering Visual Reinforcement Learning through Dormant Ratio Minimizationcited by 45
- 2021MADE: Exploration via Maximizing Deviation from Explored Regionscited by 40
- 2022Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with loglog(T) Switching Costcited by 32
- 2023Optimistic Active Exploration of Dynamical Systemscited by 32
- 2021Reward-Free Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximationcited by 29
- 2021Navigating to the Best Policy in Markov Decision Processescited by 28
- 2022On the Statistical Efficiency of Reward-Free Exploration in Non-Linear RLcited by 27
- 2022Active Exploration for Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 27
- 2022The Challenges of Exploration for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
38 more
- 2022Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning in the Presence of Exogenous Informationcited by 26
- 2022Revisiting Simple Regret: Fast Rates for Returning a Good Armcited by 25
- 2022Provably Efficient Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning: Iterated CVaR and Worst Pathcited by 21
- 2023Towards Theoretical Understanding of Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 21
- 2023Replicable Reinforcement Learningcited by 21
- 2021Improved Corruption Robust Algorithms for Episodic Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
- 2021On Reward-Free RL with Kernel and Neural Function Approximations: Single-Agent MDP and Markov Gamecited by 20
- 2022Near-Optimal Collaborative Learning in Banditscited by 18
- 2022Near Instance-Optimal PAC Reinforcement Learning for Deterministic MDPscited by 17
- 2022Optimistic PAC Reinforcement Learning: the Instance-Dependent Viewcited by 17
- 2023Provably Efficient Adversarial Imitation Learning with Unknown Transitionscited by 16
- 2024ACE : Off-Policy Actor-Critic with Causality-Aware Entropy Regularizationcited by 16
- 2021Reinforcement Learning in Reward-Mixing MDPscited by 15
- 2023Provably Feedback-Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Active Reward Learningcited by 15
- 2023Reward-agnostic Fine-tuning: Provable Statistical Benefits of Hybrid Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2021Optimal Uniform OPE and Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning in Time-Homogeneous, Reward-Free and Task-Agnostic Settingscited by 14
- 2023Improved Sample Complexity for Reward-free Reinforcement Learning under Low-rank MDPscited by 14
- 2023Minimax-Optimal Reward-Agnostic Exploration in Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2021Near-Optimal Reward-Free Exploration for Linear Mixture MDPs with Plug-in Solvercited by 13
- 2022Near-Optimal Deployment Efficiency in Reward-Free Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximationcited by 13
- 2023Learning to Make Adherence-Aware Advicecited by 13
- 2022Provably Efficient Causal Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Systematic Generalizationcited by 12
- 2022Optimistic Posterior Sampling for Reinforcement Learning with Few Samples and Tight Guaranteescited by 12
- 2023Policy Finetuning in Reinforcement Learning via Design of Experiments using Offline Datacited by 11
- 2021Gap-Dependent Unsupervised Exploration for Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2023Provably Safe Reinforcement Learning with Step-wise Violation Constraintscited by 10
- 2024Finding good policies in average-reward Markov Decision Processes without prior knowledgecited by 10
- 2022Safe Exploration Incurs Nearly No Additional Sample Complexity for Reward-free RLcited by 9
- 2023Spectral Entry-wise Matrix Estimation for Low-Rank Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2023Active Coverage for PAC Reinforcement Learningcited by 8
- 2024Hybrid Transfer Reinforcement Learning: Provable Sample Efficiency from Shifted-Dynamics Datacited by 8
- 2023Optimal Horizon-Free Reward-Free Exploration for Linear Mixture MDPscited by 7
- 2023Towards Instance-Optimality in Online PAC Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2022Reward-Mixing MDPs with a Few Latent Contexts are Learnablecited by 5
- 2024RL in Latent MDPs is Tractable: Online Guarantees via Off-Policy Evaluationcited by 5
- 2024Test-Time Regret Minimization in Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2024How does Inverse RL Scale to Large State Spaces? A Provably Efficient Approachcited by 5
- 2024Uncertainty-Aware Reward-Free Exploration with General Function Approximationcited by 5
50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2026Sample Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning via Best Policy Identification31 Jul 2026
- 2026Rank-Then-Act: Reward-Free Control from Frame-Order Progress2 Jul 2026
- 2026Pure Exploration for a Good Policy in Reinforcement Learning with Bandit Feedback22 May 2026
- 2026On-line Learning in Tree MDPs by Treating Policies as Bandit Arms6 May 2026
- 2026A Reward-Free Viewpoint on Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning27 Apr 2026
- 2026PAC Guarantees for Reinforcement Learning: Sample Complexity, Coverage, and Structure1 Mar 2026
- 2026Multi-agent imitation learning with function approximation: Linear Markov games and beyond26 Feb 2026
- 2026kappa-Explorer: A Unified Framework for Active Model Estimation in MDPs23 Feb 2026
- 2026Improved Bounds for Reward-Agnostic and Reward-Free Exploration18 Feb 2026
- 2026The Horizon Threshold in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reward-Free Exploration1 Feb 2026
- 2026From Relative Entropy to Minimax: A Unified Framework for Coverage in MDPs17 Jan 2026
- 2025SEMDICE: Off-policy State Entropy Maximization via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation10 Dec 2025
38 more
- 2025Rate optimal learning of equilibria from data10 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning: Randomized Exploration Meets Experimental Design11 Jun 2025
- 2025When a Reinforcement Learning Agent Encounters Unknown Unknowns19 May 2025
- 2025Minimax Optimal Reinforcement Learning with Quasi-Optimism2 Mar 2025
- 2025Adaptive Exploration for Multi-Reward Multi-Policy Evaluation4 Feb 2025
- 2024On Feasible Rewards in Multi-Agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning22 Nov 2024
- 2024Hybrid Transfer Reinforcement Learning: Provable Sample Efficiency from Shifted-Dynamics Data6 Nov 2024
- 2024Provably Efficient Exploration in Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning24 Sep 2024
- 2024Uncertainty-Aware Reward-Free Exploration with General Function Approximation24 Jun 2024
- 2024How does Inverse RL Scale to Large State Spaces? A Provably Efficient Approach6 Jun 2024
- 2024Test-Time Regret Minimization in Meta Reinforcement Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2024RL in Latent MDPs is Tractable: Online Guarantees via Off-Policy Evaluation3 Jun 2024
- 2024Finding good policies in average-reward Markov Decision Processes without prior knowledge27 May 2024
- 2024ACE : Off-Policy Actor-Critic with Causality-Aware Entropy Regularization22 Feb 2024
- 2024Near-Optimal Reinforcement Learning with Self-Play under Adaptivity Constraints2 Feb 2024
- 2024Cascading Reinforcement Learning17 Jan 2024
- 2023Towards Instance-Optimality in Online PAC Reinforcement Learning31 Oct 2023
- 2023DrM: Mastering Visual Reinforcement Learning through Dormant Ratio Minimization30 Oct 2023
- 2023Spectral Entry-wise Matrix Estimation for Low-Rank Reinforcement Learning10 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning to Make Adherence-Aware Advice1 Oct 2023
- 2023Policy Finetuning in Reinforcement Learning via Design of Experiments using Offline Data10 Jul 2023
- 2023Active Coverage for PAC Reinforcement Learning23 Jun 2023
- 2023Optimistic Active Exploration of Dynamical Systems21 Jun 2023
- 2023Provably Efficient Adversarial Imitation Learning with Unknown Transitions11 Jun 2023
- 2023Stochastic Principal-Agent Problems: Efficient Computation and Learning6 Jun 2023
- 2023Replicable Reinforcement Learning24 May 2023
- 2023Reward-agnostic Fine-tuning: Provable Statistical Benefits of Hybrid Reinforcement Learning17 May 2023
- 2023Towards Theoretical Understanding of Inverse Reinforcement Learning25 Apr 2023
- 2023Provably Feedback-Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Active Reward Learning18 Apr 2023
- 2023Minimax-Optimal Reward-Agnostic Exploration in Reinforcement Learning14 Apr 2023
- 2023Improved Sample Complexity for Reward-free Reinforcement Learning under Low-rank MDPs20 Mar 2023
- 2023Optimal Horizon-Free Reward-Free Exploration for Linear Mixture MDPs17 Mar 2023
- 2023Provably Safe Reinforcement Learning with Step-wise Violation Constraints13 Feb 2023
- 2023Layered State Discovery for Incremental Autonomous Exploration7 Feb 2023
- 2022Revisiting Simple Regret: Fast Rates for Returning a Good Arm30 Oct 2022
- 2022Reward-Mixing MDPs with a Few Latent Contexts are Learnable5 Oct 2022
- 2022Near-Optimal Deployment Efficiency in Reward-Free Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximation3 Oct 2022
- 2022Optimistic Posterior Sampling for Reinforcement Learning with Few Samples and Tight Guarantees28 Sep 2022
50 newest of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2022Active Exploration for Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 27
- 2022The Challenges of Exploration for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2023Towards Theoretical Understanding of Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 21
- 2023Provably Efficient Adversarial Imitation Learning with Unknown Transitionscited by 16
- 2023Reward-agnostic Fine-tuning: Provable Statistical Benefits of Hybrid Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2021Optimal Uniform OPE and Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning in Time-Homogeneous, Reward-Free and Task-Agnostic Settingscited by 14
- 2023Minimax-Optimal Reward-Agnostic Exploration in Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2024How does Inverse RL Scale to Large State Spaces? A Provably Efficient Approachcited by 5
- 2024On Feasible Rewards in Multi-Agent Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2025Rate optimal learning of equilibria from datacited by 2
- 2026Multi-agent imitation learning with function approximation: Linear Markov games and beyondcited by 1
- 2026Multi-agent imitation learning with function approximation: Linear Markov games and beyond26 Feb 2026
- 2025Rate optimal learning of equilibria from data10 Oct 2025
- 2024On Feasible Rewards in Multi-Agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning22 Nov 2024
- 2024How does Inverse RL Scale to Large State Spaces? A Provably Efficient Approach6 Jun 2024
- 2023Provably Efficient Adversarial Imitation Learning with Unknown Transitions11 Jun 2023
- 2023Reward-agnostic Fine-tuning: Provable Statistical Benefits of Hybrid Reinforcement Learning17 May 2023
- 2023Towards Theoretical Understanding of Inverse Reinforcement Learning25 Apr 2023
- 2023Minimax-Optimal Reward-Agnostic Exploration in Reinforcement Learning14 Apr 2023
- 2022Active Exploration for Inverse Reinforcement Learning18 Jul 2022
- 2022The Challenges of Exploration for Offline Reinforcement Learning27 Jan 2022
- 2021Optimal Uniform OPE and Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning in Time-Homogeneous, Reward-Free and Task-Agnostic Settings13 May 2021
- 2021Reinforcement Learning in Reward-Mixing MDPscited by 15
- 2022Reward-Mixing MDPs with a Few Latent Contexts are Learnablecited by 5
- 2025Efficient Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning: Randomized Exploration Meets Experimental Designcited by 3
- 2026Rank-Then-Act: Reward-Free Control from Frame-Order Progresscited by 0
- 2026Rank-Then-Act: Reward-Free Control from Frame-Order Progress2 Jul 2026
- 2025Efficient Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning: Randomized Exploration Meets Experimental Design11 Jun 2025
- 2022Reward-Mixing MDPs with a Few Latent Contexts are Learnable5 Oct 2022
- 2021Reinforcement Learning in Reward-Mixing MDPs7 Oct 2021
- 2021Reward is enough for convex MDPscited by 82
- 2022BYOL-Explore: Exploration by Bootstrapped Predictioncited by 71
- 2021UCB Momentum Q-learning: Correcting the bias without forgettingcited by 45
- 2023DrM: Mastering Visual Reinforcement Learning through Dormant Ratio Minimizationcited by 45
- 2021MADE: Exploration via Maximizing Deviation from Explored Regionscited by 40
- 2022Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning with loglog(T) Switching Costcited by 32
- 2023Optimistic Active Exploration of Dynamical Systemscited by 32
- 2021Reward-Free Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximationcited by 29
- 2021Navigating to the Best Policy in Markov Decision Processescited by 28
- 2022On the Statistical Efficiency of Reward-Free Exploration in Non-Linear RLcited by 27
- 2022Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning in the Presence of Exogenous Informationcited by 26
- 2022Revisiting Simple Regret: Fast Rates for Returning a Good Armcited by 25
12 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2026Sample Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning via Best Policy Identification31 Jul 2026
- 2026Pure Exploration for a Good Policy in Reinforcement Learning with Bandit Feedback22 May 2026
- 2026On-line Learning in Tree MDPs by Treating Policies as Bandit Arms6 May 2026
- 2026A Reward-Free Viewpoint on Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning27 Apr 2026
- 2026PAC Guarantees for Reinforcement Learning: Sample Complexity, Coverage, and Structure1 Mar 2026
- 2026kappa-Explorer: A Unified Framework for Active Model Estimation in MDPs23 Feb 2026
- 2026Improved Bounds for Reward-Agnostic and Reward-Free Exploration18 Feb 2026
- 2026The Horizon Threshold in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reward-Free Exploration1 Feb 2026
- 2026From Relative Entropy to Minimax: A Unified Framework for Coverage in MDPs17 Jan 2026
- 2025SEMDICE: Off-policy State Entropy Maximization via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation10 Dec 2025
- 2025When a Reinforcement Learning Agent Encounters Unknown Unknowns19 May 2025
- 2025Minimax Optimal Reinforcement Learning with Quasi-Optimism2 Mar 2025
12 newest of 62 All 62 (JSON)