Learning to Reach Goals via Iterated Supervised Learning
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Imitation learning methods
Abstract (arXiv)
Current reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be brittle and difficult to use, especially when learning goal-reaching behaviors from sparse rewards. Although supervised imitation learning provides a simple and stable alternative, it requires access to demonstrations from a human supervisor. In this paper, we study RL algorithms that use imitation learning to acquire goal reaching policies from scratch, without the need for expert demonstrations or a value function. In lieu of demonstrations, we leverage the property that any trajectory is a successful demonstration for reaching the final state in that same trajectory. We propose a simple algorithm in which an agent continually relabels and imitates the trajectories it generates to progressively learn goal-reaching behaviors from scratch. Each iteration, the agent collects new trajectories using the latest policy, and maximizes the likelihood of the actions along these trajectories under the goal that was actually reached, so as to improve the policy. We formally show that this iterated supervised learning procedure optimizes a bound on the RL objective, derive performance bounds of the learned policy, and empirically demonstrate improved goal-reaching performance and robustness over current RL algorithms in several benchmark tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation learning methods, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 3; 2023: 8; 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,528
- 2021Discovering and Achieving Goals via World Modelscited by 131
- 2021Actionable Models: Unsupervised Offline Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Skillscited by 125
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Modelscited by 118
- 2023RoboCat: A Self-Improving Generalist Agent for Robotic Manipulationcited by 108
- 2023Beyond Reward: Offline Preference-guided Policy Optimizationcited by 35
- 2021MURAL: Meta-Learning Uncertainty-Aware Rewards for Outcome-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2022Context-Aware Language Modeling for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 22
- 2025Option-aware Temporally Abstracted Value for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
- 2021Solving Compositional Reinforcement Learning Problems via Task Reductioncited by 19
- 2023Breadcrumbs to the Goal: Goal-Conditioned Exploration from Human-in-the-Loop Feedbackcited by 13
- 2023Autonomous Robotic Reinforcement Learning with Asynchronous Human Feedbackcited by 12
14 more
- 2023Skill Decision Transformercited by 7
- 2025Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Projective Quasimetric Planningcited by 5
- 2023Language Decision Transformers with Exponential Tilt for Interactive Text Environmentscited by 3
- 2023Discovering Object-Centric Generalized Value Functions From Pixelscited by 1
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Supervised Learning with Sub-Goal Predictioncited by 1
- 2024MENTOR: Guiding Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback and Dynamic Distance Constraintcited by 1
- 2024Hindsight Planner: A Closed-Loop Few-Shot Planner for Embodied Instruction Followingcited by 1
- 2026From Answers to Arguments: Toward Trustworthy Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning with Toulmin-Guided Curriculum Goal-Conditioned Learningcited by 1
- 2026Occupancy Reward Shaping: Improving Credit Assignment for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2022Understanding Hindsight Goal Relabeling from a Divergence Minimization Perspectivecited by 0
- 2022The Pump Scheduling Problem: A Real-World Scenario for Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2025Prompting Decision Transformers for Zero-Shot Reach-Avoid Policiescited by 0
- 2026Offline Reinforcement Learning of High-Quality Behaviors Under Robust Style Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026FlexiWorld: Learning and Planning via Flexible Action Chunks Across Multiple Time Scalescited by 0
- 2026FlexiWorld: Learning and Planning via Flexible Action Chunks Across Multiple Time Scales28 Sep 2026
- 2026Occupancy Reward Shaping: Improving Credit Assignment for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning22 Apr 2026
- 2026From Answers to Arguments: Toward Trustworthy Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning with Toulmin-Guided Curriculum Goal-Conditioned Learning13 Apr 2026
- 2026Offline Reinforcement Learning of High-Quality Behaviors Under Robust Style Alignment30 Jan 2026
- 2025Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Projective Quasimetric Planning23 Jun 2025
- 2025Prompting Decision Transformers for Zero-Shot Reach-Avoid Policies25 May 2025
- 2025Option-aware Temporally Abstracted Value for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning19 May 2025
- 2024Hindsight Planner: A Closed-Loop Few-Shot Planner for Embodied Instruction Following27 Dec 2024
- 2024MENTOR: Guiding Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback and Dynamic Distance Constraint22 Feb 2024
- 2023Autonomous Robotic Reinforcement Learning with Asynchronous Human Feedback31 Oct 2023
- 2023Breadcrumbs to the Goal: Goal-Conditioned Exploration from Human-in-the-Loop Feedback20 Jul 2023
- 2023RoboCat: A Self-Improving Generalist Agent for Robotic Manipulation20 Jun 2023
14 more
- 2023Beyond Reward: Offline Preference-guided Policy Optimization25 May 2023
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Supervised Learning with Sub-Goal Prediction17 May 2023
- 2023Discovering Object-Centric Generalized Value Functions From Pixels27 Apr 2023
- 2023Language Decision Transformers with Exponential Tilt for Interactive Text Environments10 Feb 2023
- 2023Skill Decision Transformer31 Jan 2023
- 2022The Pump Scheduling Problem: A Real-World Scenario for Reinforcement Learning20 Oct 2022
- 2022Understanding Hindsight Goal Relabeling from a Divergence Minimization Perspective26 Sep 2022
- 2022Context-Aware Language Modeling for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systems18 Apr 2022
- 2021Discovering and Achieving Goals via World Models18 Oct 2021
- 2021MURAL: Meta-Learning Uncertainty-Aware Rewards for Outcome-Driven Reinforcement Learning15 Jul 2021
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modeling2 Jun 2021
- 2021Actionable Models: Unsupervised Offline Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Skills15 Apr 2021
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Models12 Apr 2021
- 2021Solving Compositional Reinforcement Learning Problems via Task Reduction13 Mar 2021
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,528
- 2021Actionable Models: Unsupervised Offline Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Skillscited by 125
- 2025Option-aware Temporally Abstracted Value for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
- 2023Skill Decision Transformercited by 7
- 2025Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Projective Quasimetric Planningcited by 5
- 2023Language Decision Transformers with Exponential Tilt for Interactive Text Environmentscited by 3
- 2022Understanding Hindsight Goal Relabeling from a Divergence Minimization Perspectivecited by 0
- 2025Prompting Decision Transformers for Zero-Shot Reach-Avoid Policiescited by 0
- 2026Offline Reinforcement Learning of High-Quality Behaviors Under Robust Style Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Offline Reinforcement Learning of High-Quality Behaviors Under Robust Style Alignment30 Jan 2026
- 2025Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Projective Quasimetric Planning23 Jun 2025
- 2025Prompting Decision Transformers for Zero-Shot Reach-Avoid Policies25 May 2025
- 2025Option-aware Temporally Abstracted Value for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning19 May 2025
- 2023Language Decision Transformers with Exponential Tilt for Interactive Text Environments10 Feb 2023
- 2023Skill Decision Transformer31 Jan 2023
- 2022Understanding Hindsight Goal Relabeling from a Divergence Minimization Perspective26 Sep 2022
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modeling2 Jun 2021
- 2021Actionable Models: Unsupervised Offline Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Skills15 Apr 2021
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Modelscited by 118
- 2021MURAL: Meta-Learning Uncertainty-Aware Rewards for Outcome-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2022Context-Aware Language Modeling for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 22
- 2021Solving Compositional Reinforcement Learning Problems via Task Reductioncited by 19
- 2023Autonomous Robotic Reinforcement Learning with Asynchronous Human Feedbackcited by 12
- 2023Discovering Object-Centric Generalized Value Functions From Pixelscited by 1
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Supervised Learning with Sub-Goal Predictioncited by 1
- 2024Hindsight Planner: A Closed-Loop Few-Shot Planner for Embodied Instruction Followingcited by 1
- 2022The Pump Scheduling Problem: A Real-World Scenario for Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2024Hindsight Planner: A Closed-Loop Few-Shot Planner for Embodied Instruction Following27 Dec 2024
- 2023Autonomous Robotic Reinforcement Learning with Asynchronous Human Feedback31 Oct 2023
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Supervised Learning with Sub-Goal Prediction17 May 2023
- 2023Discovering Object-Centric Generalized Value Functions From Pixels27 Apr 2023
- 2022The Pump Scheduling Problem: A Real-World Scenario for Reinforcement Learning20 Oct 2022
- 2022Context-Aware Language Modeling for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systems18 Apr 2022
- 2021MURAL: Meta-Learning Uncertainty-Aware Rewards for Outcome-Driven Reinforcement Learning15 Jul 2021
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Models12 Apr 2021
- 2021Solving Compositional Reinforcement Learning Problems via Task Reduction13 Mar 2021
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