mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning from Trajectories via Subgoal Discovery

arXiv 1911.07224 ↗First posted 3 Nov 2019cs.LG cs.RO stat.MLcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning to solve complex goal-oriented tasks with sparse terminal-only rewards often requires an enormous number of samples. In such cases, using a set of expert trajectories could help to learn faster. However, Imitation Learning (IL) via supervised pre-training with these trajectories may not perform as well and generally requires additional finetuning with expert-in-the-loop. In this paper, we propose an approach which uses the expert trajectories and learns to decompose the complex main task into smaller sub-goals. We learn a function which partitions the state-space into sub-goals, which can then be used to design an extrinsic reward function. We follow a strategy where the agent first learns from the trajectories using IL and then switches to Reinforcement Learning (RL) using the identified sub-goals, to alleviate the errors in the IL step. To deal with states which are under-represented by the trajectory set, we also learn a function to modulate the sub-goal predictions. We show that our method is able to solve complex goal-oriented tasks, which other RL, IL or their combinations in literature are not able to solve.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2022Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning: Problems and Solutionscited by 145
  2. 2021Cross-domain Imitation from Observationscited by 42
  3. 2021Subgoal Search For Complex Reasoning Taskscited by 21
  4. 2024A Single Goal is All You Need: Skills and Exploration Emerge from Contrastive RL without Rewards, Demonstrations, or Subgoalscited by 20
  5. 2022Hierarchical Decision Transformercited by 16
  6. 2023Hierarchical Imitation Learning with Vector Quantized Modelscited by 15
  7. 2023A Survey of Demonstration Learningcited by 12
  8. 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
  9. 2021Subgoal-based Reward Shaping to Improve Efficiency in Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
  10. 2026Save the Good Prefix: Precise Error Penalization via Process-Supervised RL to Enhance LLM Reasoningcited by 10
  11. 2024Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigationcited by 6
  12. 2022Local Explanations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
15 more
  1. 2023Learning Rational Subgoals from Demonstrations and Instructionscited by 5
  2. 2023Curricular Subgoals for Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  3. 2024BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shapingcited by 4
  4. 2024Identifying Selections for Unsupervised Subtask Discoverycited by 4
  5. 2022D-Shape: Demonstration-Shaped Reinforcement Learning via Goal Conditioningcited by 2
  6. 2022Leveraging Demonstrations with Latent Space Priorscited by 2
  7. 2024Goal-Reaching Policy Learning from Non-Expert Observations via Effective Subgoal Guidancecited by 2
  8. 2022Generalizing to New Tasks via One-Shot Compositional Subgoalscited by 1
  9. 2023Strategy Extraction in Single-Agent Gamescited by 1
  10. 2021Reward Shaping with Dynamic Trajectory Aggregationcited by 0
  11. 2021Reward Shaping with Subgoals for Social Navigationcited by 0
  12. 2022Multi-Task Option Learning and Discovery for Stochastic Path Planningcited by 0
  13. 2024Bidirectional-Reachable Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Mutually Responsive Policiescited by 0
  14. 2026RoCo Challenge at AAAI 2026: Benchmarking Robotic Collaborative Manipulation for Assembly Towards Industrial Automationcited by 0
  15. 2026Improving Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via Selective Reward Stimulationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2019Learning to Reach Goals via Iterated Supervised Learning
  2. 2019Reward-Conditioned Policies
  3. 2020Learning to Generalize Across Long-Horizon Tasks from Human Demonstrations
  4. 2026Learning from Demonstrations via Capability-Aware Goal Sampling
  5. 2019Reinforced Imitation in Heterogeneous Action Space
  6. 2022Divide & Conquer Imitation Learning
  7. 2023Backward Learning for Goal-Conditioned Policies
  8. 2025Consistent Zero-Shot Imitation with Contrastive Goal Inference