Learning from Trajectories via Subgoal Discovery
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Learning to solve complex goal-oriented tasks with sparse terminal-only rewards often requires an enormous number of samples. In such cases, using a set of expert trajectories could help to learn faster. However, Imitation Learning (IL) via supervised pre-training with these trajectories may not perform as well and generally requires additional finetuning with expert-in-the-loop. In this paper, we propose an approach which uses the expert trajectories and learns to decompose the complex main task into smaller sub-goals. We learn a function which partitions the state-space into sub-goals, which can then be used to design an extrinsic reward function. We follow a strategy where the agent first learns from the trajectories using IL and then switches to Reinforcement Learning (RL) using the identified sub-goals, to alleviate the errors in the IL step. To deal with states which are under-represented by the trajectory set, we also learn a function to modulate the sub-goal predictions. We show that our method is able to solve complex goal-oriented tasks, which other RL, IL or their combinations in literature are not able to solve.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.
27 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning: Problems and Solutionscited by 145
- 2021Cross-domain Imitation from Observationscited by 42
- 2021Subgoal Search For Complex Reasoning Taskscited by 21
- 2024A Single Goal is All You Need: Skills and Exploration Emerge from Contrastive RL without Rewards, Demonstrations, or Subgoalscited by 20
- 2022Hierarchical Decision Transformercited by 16
- 2023Hierarchical Imitation Learning with Vector Quantized Modelscited by 15
- 2023A Survey of Demonstration Learningcited by 12
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
- 2021Subgoal-based Reward Shaping to Improve Efficiency in Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2026Save the Good Prefix: Precise Error Penalization via Process-Supervised RL to Enhance LLM Reasoningcited by 10
- 2024Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigationcited by 6
- 2022Local Explanations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
15 more
- 2023Learning Rational Subgoals from Demonstrations and Instructionscited by 5
- 2023Curricular Subgoals for Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2024BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shapingcited by 4
- 2024Identifying Selections for Unsupervised Subtask Discoverycited by 4
- 2022D-Shape: Demonstration-Shaped Reinforcement Learning via Goal Conditioningcited by 2
- 2022Leveraging Demonstrations with Latent Space Priorscited by 2
- 2024Goal-Reaching Policy Learning from Non-Expert Observations via Effective Subgoal Guidancecited by 2
- 2022Generalizing to New Tasks via One-Shot Compositional Subgoalscited by 1
- 2023Strategy Extraction in Single-Agent Gamescited by 1
- 2021Reward Shaping with Dynamic Trajectory Aggregationcited by 0
- 2021Reward Shaping with Subgoals for Social Navigationcited by 0
- 2022Multi-Task Option Learning and Discovery for Stochastic Path Planningcited by 0
- 2024Bidirectional-Reachable Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Mutually Responsive Policiescited by 0
- 2026RoCo Challenge at AAAI 2026: Benchmarking Robotic Collaborative Manipulation for Assembly Towards Industrial Automationcited by 0
- 2026Improving Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via Selective Reward Stimulationcited by 0
- 2026Improving Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via Selective Reward Stimulation16 Sep 2026
- 2026RoCo Challenge at AAAI 2026: Benchmarking Robotic Collaborative Manipulation for Assembly Towards Industrial Automation16 Mar 2026
- 2026Save the Good Prefix: Precise Error Penalization via Process-Supervised RL to Enhance LLM Reasoning26 Jan 2026
- 2024Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigation3 Nov 2024
- 2024Identifying Selections for Unsupervised Subtask Discovery28 Oct 2024
- 2024BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shaping9 Sep 2024
- 2024Goal-Reaching Policy Learning from Non-Expert Observations via Effective Subgoal Guidance6 Sep 2024
- 2024A Single Goal is All You Need: Skills and Exploration Emerge from Contrastive RL without Rewards, Demonstrations, or Subgoals11 Aug 2024
- 2024Bidirectional-Reachable Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Mutually Responsive Policies26 Jun 2024
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusion30 Sep 2023
- 2023Curricular Subgoals for Inverse Reinforcement Learning14 Jun 2023
- 2023Strategy Extraction in Single-Agent Games22 May 2023
15 more
- 2023A Survey of Demonstration Learning20 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning Rational Subgoals from Demonstrations and Instructions9 Mar 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Imitation Learning with Vector Quantized Models30 Jan 2023
- 2022Leveraging Demonstrations with Latent Space Priors26 Oct 2022
- 2022D-Shape: Demonstration-Shaped Reinforcement Learning via Goal Conditioning26 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-Task Option Learning and Discovery for Stochastic Path Planning30 Sep 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Decision Transformer21 Sep 2022
- 2022Generalizing to New Tasks via One-Shot Compositional Subgoals16 May 2022
- 2022Local Explanations for Reinforcement Learning8 Feb 2022
- 2022Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning: Problems and Solutions20 Jan 2022
- 2021Subgoal Search For Complex Reasoning Tasks25 Aug 2021
- 2021Cross-domain Imitation from Observations20 May 2021
- 2021Subgoal-based Reward Shaping to Improve Efficiency in Reinforcement Learning13 Apr 2021
- 2021Reward Shaping with Subgoals for Social Navigation13 Apr 2021
- 2021Reward Shaping with Dynamic Trajectory Aggregation13 Apr 2021
- 2021Cross-domain Imitation from Observationscited by 42
- 2022Hierarchical Decision Transformercited by 16
- 2023Hierarchical Imitation Learning with Vector Quantized Modelscited by 15
- 2023A Survey of Demonstration Learningcited by 12
- 2023Curricular Subgoals for Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2024Identifying Selections for Unsupervised Subtask Discoverycited by 4
- 2022D-Shape: Demonstration-Shaped Reinforcement Learning via Goal Conditioningcited by 2
- 2022Generalizing to New Tasks via One-Shot Compositional Subgoalscited by 1
- 2026Improving Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via Selective Reward Stimulationcited by 0
- 2026Improving Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning via Selective Reward Stimulation16 Sep 2026
- 2024Identifying Selections for Unsupervised Subtask Discovery28 Oct 2024
- 2023Curricular Subgoals for Inverse Reinforcement Learning14 Jun 2023
- 2023A Survey of Demonstration Learning20 Mar 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Imitation Learning with Vector Quantized Models30 Jan 2023
- 2022D-Shape: Demonstration-Shaped Reinforcement Learning via Goal Conditioning26 Oct 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Decision Transformer21 Sep 2022
- 2022Generalizing to New Tasks via One-Shot Compositional Subgoals16 May 2022
- 2021Cross-domain Imitation from Observations20 May 2021
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusioncited by 11
- 2023Efficient Planning with Latent Diffusion30 Sep 2023
- 2024Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigationcited by 6
- 2024Learning World Models for Unconstrained Goal Navigation3 Nov 2024
- 2022Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning: Problems and Solutionscited by 145
- 2021Subgoal Search For Complex Reasoning Taskscited by 21
- 2024A Single Goal is All You Need: Skills and Exploration Emerge from Contrastive RL without Rewards, Demonstrations, or Subgoalscited by 20
- 2021Subgoal-based Reward Shaping to Improve Efficiency in Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2022Local Explanations for Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2023Learning Rational Subgoals from Demonstrations and Instructionscited by 5
- 2024BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shapingcited by 4
- 2022Leveraging Demonstrations with Latent Space Priorscited by 2
- 2024Goal-Reaching Policy Learning from Non-Expert Observations via Effective Subgoal Guidancecited by 2
- 2023Strategy Extraction in Single-Agent Gamescited by 1
- 2021Reward Shaping with Dynamic Trajectory Aggregationcited by 0
- 2021Reward Shaping with Subgoals for Social Navigationcited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026RoCo Challenge at AAAI 2026: Benchmarking Robotic Collaborative Manipulation for Assembly Towards Industrial Automation16 Mar 2026
- 2024BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shaping9 Sep 2024
- 2024Goal-Reaching Policy Learning from Non-Expert Observations via Effective Subgoal Guidance6 Sep 2024
- 2024A Single Goal is All You Need: Skills and Exploration Emerge from Contrastive RL without Rewards, Demonstrations, or Subgoals11 Aug 2024
- 2024Bidirectional-Reachable Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Mutually Responsive Policies26 Jun 2024
- 2023Strategy Extraction in Single-Agent Games22 May 2023
- 2023Learning Rational Subgoals from Demonstrations and Instructions9 Mar 2023
- 2022Leveraging Demonstrations with Latent Space Priors26 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-Task Option Learning and Discovery for Stochastic Path Planning30 Sep 2022
- 2022Local Explanations for Reinforcement Learning8 Feb 2022
- 2022Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning: Problems and Solutions20 Jan 2022
- 2021Subgoal Search For Complex Reasoning Tasks25 Aug 2021
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2019Learning to Reach Goals via Iterated Supervised Learning
- 2019Reward-Conditioned Policies
- 2020Learning to Generalize Across Long-Horizon Tasks from Human Demonstrations
- 2026Learning from Demonstrations via Capability-Aware Goal Sampling
- 2019Reinforced Imitation in Heterogeneous Action Space
- 2022Divide & Conquer Imitation Learning
- 2023Backward Learning for Goal-Conditioned Policies
- 2025Consistent Zero-Shot Imitation with Contrastive Goal Inference