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Imbalance Problems in Object Detection: A Review

arXiv 1909.00169 ↗First posted 31 Aug 2019cs.CVcited by 118

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the imbalance problems in object detection. To analyze the problems in a systematic manner, we introduce a problem-based taxonomy. Following this taxonomy, we discuss each problem in depth and present a unifying yet critical perspective on the solutions in the literature. In addition, we identify major open issues regarding the existing imbalance problems as well as imbalance problems that have not been discussed before. Moreover, in order to keep our review up to date, we provide an accompanying webpage which catalogs papers addressing imbalance problems, according to our problem-based taxonomy. Researchers can track newer studies on this webpage available at: https://github.com/kemaloksuz/ObjectDetectionImbalance .

Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 27; 2022: 31; 2023: 24; 2024: 22; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.

118 papers.

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  1. 2021Unbiased Teacher for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 305
  2. 2022Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarkscited by 119
  3. 2022A Survey on Long-Tailed Visual Recognitioncited by 75
  4. 2021From Distributed Machine Learning to Federated Learning: A Surveycited by 65
  5. 2022PolyLoss: A Polynomial Expansion Perspective of Classification Loss Functionscited by 62
  6. 2022Detecting tiny objects in aerial images: A normalized Wasserstein distance and a new benchmarkcited by 56
  7. 2022Equalized Focal Loss for Dense Long-Tailed Object Detectioncited by 46
  8. 2021On Model Calibration for Long-Tailed Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 39
  9. 2023SODFormer: Streaming Object Detection with Transformer Using Events and Framescited by 39
  10. 2021Disentangle Your Dense Object Detectorcited by 37
  11. 2024MS-DETR: Efficient DETR Training with Mixed Supervisioncited by 34
  12. 2021Self-Adversarial Disentangling for Specific Domain Adaptationcited by 29
38 more
  1. 2021Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Adaptive Class-Rebalancing Self-Trainingcited by 28
  2. 2023WEDGE: A multi-weather autonomous driving dataset built from generative vision-language modelscited by 28
  3. 2021I3Net: Implicit Instance-Invariant Network for Adapting One-Stage Object Detectorscited by 27
  4. 2024Embracing Events and Frames with Hierarchical Feature Refinement Network for Object Detectioncited by 27
  5. 2024A Systematic Review on Long-Tailed Learningcited by 27
  6. 2023A Unified Perspective for Loss-Oriented Imbalanced Learning via Localizationcited by 24
  7. 2022Learning to Re-weight Examples with Optimal Transport for Imbalanced Classificationcited by 23
  8. 2021Rank & Sort Loss for Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 22
  9. 2023Towards Building Self-Aware Object Detectors via Reliable Uncertainty Quantification and Calibrationcited by 19
  10. 2024CAT: Exploiting Inter-Class Dynamics for Domain Adaptive Object Detectioncited by 19
  11. 2024RankED: Addressing Imbalance and Uncertainty in Edge Detection Using Ranking-based Lossescited by 18
  12. 2024Coreset Selection for Object Detectioncited by 18
  13. 2021Gaussian Bounding Boxes and Probabilistic Intersection-over-Union for Object Detectioncited by 17
  14. 2023Leave No Stone Unturned: Mine Extra Knowledge for Imbalanced Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 17
  15. 2022YOLO-FaceV2: A Scale and Occlusion Aware Face Detectorcited by 15
  16. 2023Transformers in Small Object Detection: A Benchmark and Survey of State-of-the-Artcited by 15
  17. 2022GSCLIP : A Framework for Explaining Distribution Shifts in Natural Languagecited by 14
  18. 2024Improving Large Models with Small models: Lower Costs and Better Performancecited by 14
  19. 2021Benchmarking of eight recurrent neural network variants for breath phase and adventitious sound detection on a self-developed open-access lung sound database-HF_Lung_V1cited by 12
  20. 2022Long-tailed Instance Segmentation using Gumbel Optimized Losscited by 12
  21. 2022Federated Learning and Meta Learning: Approaches, Applications, and Directionscited by 12
  22. 2023Towards Distribution-Agnostic Generalized Category Discoverycited by 12
  23. 2022Neural Enhanced Belief Propagation for Multiobject Trackingcited by 11
  24. 2021A Comparative Review of Recent Few-Shot Object Detection Algorithmscited by 10
  25. 2022Neural Enhanced Belief Propagation for Data Association in Multiobject Trackingcited by 10
  26. 2024Development of Skip Connection in Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision and Medical Image Analysis: A Surveycited by 10
  27. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Imbalanced Data Learningcited by 10
  28. 2022Survey of Deep Learning for Autonomous Surface Vehicles in the Marine Environmentcited by 9
  29. 2021Online Clustering-based Multi-Camera Vehicle Tracking in Scenarios with overlapping FOVscited by 8
  30. 2021Bayesian Active Learning for Sim-to-Real Robotic Perceptioncited by 8
  31. 2022Learning with Free Object Segments for Long-Tailed Instance Segmentationcited by 8
  32. 2022Recent Few-Shot Object Detection Algorithms: A Survey with Performance Comparisoncited by 8
  33. 2024Pedestrian Detection in Low-Light Conditions: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 8
  34. 2022What's in the Black Box? The False Negative Mechanisms Inside Object Detectorscited by 7
  35. 2023MadEye: Boosting Live Video Analytics Accuracy with Adaptive Camera Configurationscited by 7
  36. 2023Zone Evaluation: Revealing Spatial Bias in Object Detectioncited by 7
  37. 2025Training-Free Dataset Pruning for Instance Segmentationcited by 7
  38. 2021Enhancing Object Detection for Autonomous Driving by Optimizing Anchor Generation and Addressing Class Imbalancecited by 6

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