Physics-Based Rendering for Improving Robustness to Rain
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Abstract (arXiv)
To improve the robustness to rain, we present a physically-based rain rendering pipeline for realistically inserting rain into clear weather images. Our rendering relies on a physical particle simulator, an estimation of the scene lighting and an accurate rain photometric modeling to augment images with arbitrary amount of realistic rain or fog. We validate our rendering with a user study, proving our rain is judged 40% more realistic that state-of-the-art. Using our generated weather augmented Kitti and Cityscapes dataset, we conduct a thorough evaluation of deep object detection and semantic segmentation algorithms and show that their performance decreases in degraded weather, on the order of 15% for object detection and 60% for semantic segmentation. Furthermore, we show refining existing networks with our augmented images improves the robustness of both object detection and semantic segmentation algorithms. We experiment on nuScenes and measure an improvement of 15% for object detection and 35% for semantic segmentation compared to original rainy performance. Augmented databases and code are available on the project page.
Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 10; 2023: 10; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
49 papers.
Sort:
- 2022NOTE: Robust Continual Test-time Adaptation Against Temporal Correlationcited by 151
- 2021The Norm Must Go On: Dynamic Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Normalizationcited by 131
- 2022An Efficient Domain-Incremental Learning Approach to Drive in All Weather Conditionscited by 54
- 2022Towards Robust Rain Removal Against Adversarial Attacks: A Comprehensive Benchmark Analysis and Beyondcited by 48
- 2022ActMAD: Activation Matching to Align Distributions for Test-Time-Trainingcited by 41
- 2022Not Just Streaks: Towards Ground Truth for Single Image Derainingcited by 31
- 2021Robustness of Object Detectors in Degrading Weather Conditionscited by 28
- 2023ScatterNeRF: Seeing Through Fog with Physically-Based Inverse Neural Renderingcited by 28
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Language-guided Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 28
- 2021CoMoGAN: continuous model-guided image-to-image translationcited by 27
- 2021When Pigs Fly: Contextual Reasoning in Synthetic and Natural Scenescited by 23
- 2021ACDC: The Adverse Conditions Dataset with Correspondences for Robust Semantic Driving Scene Perceptioncited by 21
37 more
- 2023Distracting Downpour: Adversarial Weather Attacks for Motion Estimationcited by 15
- 2023What, How, and When Should Object Detectors Update in Continually Changing Test Domains?cited by 15
- 2024HiKER-SGG: Hierarchical Knowledge Enhanced Robust Scene Graph Generationcited by 14
- 2021RCDNet: An Interpretable Rain Convolutional Dictionary Network for Single Image Derainingcited by 12
- 2022RadSegNet: A Reliable Approach to Radar Camera Fusioncited by 11
- 2021Worsening Perception: Real-time Degradation of Autonomous Vehicle Perception Performance for Simulation of Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 10
- 2021Physics-informed Guided Disentanglement in Generative Networkscited by 9
- 2021RaidaR: A Rich Annotated Image Dataset of Rainy Street Scenescited by 7
- 2022Robust 3D Object Detection in Cold Weather Conditionscited by 7
- 2022Unsupervised Deraining: Where Asymmetric Contrastive Learning Meets Self-similaritycited by 7
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereocited by 7
- 2021Task-Driven Deep Image Enhancement Network for Autonomous Driving in Bad Weathercited by 6
- 2024SUSTechGAN: Image Generation for Object Detection in Adverse Conditions of Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
- 2021ZeroScatter: Domain Transfer for Long Distance Imaging and Vision through Scattering Mediacited by 4
- 2022Simulating Road Spray Effects in Automotive Lidar Sensor Modelscited by 4
- 2023Assessing Domain Gap for Continual Domain Adaptation in Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of AI-Enabled Multi-sensor Fusion Systems: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 3
- 2024Weakly Supervised Test-Time Domain Adaptation for Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2021Three approaches to facilitate DNN generalization to objects in out-of-distribution orientations and illuminationscited by 2
- 2022Stereo Image Rain Removal via Dual-View Mutual Attentioncited by 2
- 2023STREAMLINE: Streaming Active Learning for Realistic Multi-Distributional Settingscited by 2
- 2025MonoCT: Overcoming Monocular 3D Detection Domain Shift with Consistent Teacher Modelscited by 2
- 2021Leveraging Local Domains for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1
- 2023Sit Back and Relax: Learning to Drive Incrementally in All Weather Conditionscited by 1
- 2024Weatherproofing Retrieval for Localization with Generative AI and Geometric Consistencycited by 1
- 2024Feature Corrective Transfer Learning: End-to-End Solutions to Object Detection in Non-Ideal Visual Conditionscited by 1
- 2026Safety-Critical Camera Reliability Monitoring for ADAS via Degradation-Aware Uncertainty Pattern Analysiscited by 1
- 2023BTSeg: Barlow Twins Regularization for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2023DA-RAW: Domain Adaptive Object Detection for Real-World Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 0
- 2024TRG-Net: An Interpretable and Controllable Rain Generatorcited by 0
- 2024Sun Off, Lights On: Photorealistic Monocular Nighttime Simulation for Robust Semantic Perceptioncited by 0
- 2025Learning from Rendering: Realistic and Controllable Extreme Rainy Image Synthesis for Autonomous Driving Simulationcited by 0
- 2025NDLPNet: A Location-Aware Nighttime Deraining Network and a Real-World Benchmark Datasetcited by 0
- 2026CD-Buffer: Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026FR-DETR: Frequency and Recurrent Feature Refinement for Robust Object Detection under Adverse Weathercited by 0
- 2026GSRAIN: Physically Calibrated High-/Low-Frequency Rainfall Synthesis for 3D Gaussian Driving Scenescited by 0
- 2026Real-World Perception for Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather: Enhancing Standard Detectors via Foundation-Guided Auto-Annotationcited by 0
- 2026Real-World Perception for Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather: Enhancing Standard Detectors via Foundation-Guided Auto-Annotation22 Sep 2026
- 2026GSRAIN: Physically Calibrated High-/Low-Frequency Rainfall Synthesis for 3D Gaussian Driving Scenes3 Aug 2026
- 2026FR-DETR: Frequency and Recurrent Feature Refinement for Robust Object Detection under Adverse Weather29 Jun 2026
- 2026Safety-Critical Camera Reliability Monitoring for ADAS via Degradation-Aware Uncertainty Pattern Analysis6 May 2026
- 2026CD-Buffer: Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather Object Detection27 Mar 2026
- 2025NDLPNet: A Location-Aware Nighttime Deraining Network and a Real-World Benchmark Dataset17 Sep 2025
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereo14 May 2025
- 2025MonoCT: Overcoming Monocular 3D Detection Domain Shift with Consistent Teacher Models17 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning from Rendering: Realistic and Controllable Extreme Rainy Image Synthesis for Autonomous Driving Simulation23 Feb 2025
- 2024Sun Off, Lights On: Photorealistic Monocular Nighttime Simulation for Robust Semantic Perception29 Jul 2024
- 2024SUSTechGAN: Image Generation for Object Detection in Adverse Conditions of Autonomous Driving18 Jul 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Test-Time Domain Adaptation for Object Detection8 Jul 2024
37 more
- 2024Feature Corrective Transfer Learning: End-to-End Solutions to Object Detection in Non-Ideal Visual Conditions17 Apr 2024
- 2024HiKER-SGG: Hierarchical Knowledge Enhanced Robust Scene Graph Generation18 Mar 2024
- 2024TRG-Net: An Interpretable and Controllable Rain Generator15 Mar 2024
- 2024Weatherproofing Retrieval for Localization with Generative AI and Geometric Consistency14 Feb 2024
- 2023What, How, and When Should Object Detectors Update in Continually Changing Test Domains?12 Dec 2023
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Language-guided Domain Generalized Segmentation29 Nov 2023
- 2023DA-RAW: Domain Adaptive Object Detection for Real-World Adverse Weather Conditions15 Sep 2023
- 2023BTSeg: Barlow Twins Regularization for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation31 Aug 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of AI-Enabled Multi-sensor Fusion Systems: Challenges and Opportunities6 Jun 2023
- 2023Sit Back and Relax: Learning to Drive Incrementally in All Weather Conditions30 May 2023
- 2023STREAMLINE: Streaming Active Learning for Realistic Multi-Distributional Settings18 May 2023
- 2023Distracting Downpour: Adversarial Weather Attacks for Motion Estimation11 May 2023
- 2023ScatterNeRF: Seeing Through Fog with Physically-Based Inverse Neural Rendering3 May 2023
- 2023Assessing Domain Gap for Continual Domain Adaptation in Object Detection21 Feb 2023
- 2022Simulating Road Spray Effects in Automotive Lidar Sensor Models16 Dec 2022
- 2022ActMAD: Activation Matching to Align Distributions for Test-Time-Training23 Nov 2022
- 2022Stereo Image Rain Removal via Dual-View Mutual Attention18 Nov 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Deraining: Where Asymmetric Contrastive Learning Meets Self-similarity2 Nov 2022
- 2022NOTE: Robust Continual Test-time Adaptation Against Temporal Correlation10 Aug 2022
- 2022RadSegNet: A Reliable Approach to Radar Camera Fusion8 Aug 2022
- 2022Not Just Streaks: Towards Ground Truth for Single Image Deraining22 Jun 2022
- 2022Robust 3D Object Detection in Cold Weather Conditions24 May 2022
- 2022An Efficient Domain-Incremental Learning Approach to Drive in All Weather Conditions19 Apr 2022
- 2022Towards Robust Rain Removal Against Adversarial Attacks: A Comprehensive Benchmark Analysis and Beyond31 Mar 2022
- 2021The Norm Must Go On: Dynamic Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Normalization1 Dec 2021
- 2021Three approaches to facilitate DNN generalization to objects in out-of-distribution orientations and illuminations30 Oct 2021
- 2021Task-Driven Deep Image Enhancement Network for Autonomous Driving in Bad Weather14 Oct 2021
- 2021Leveraging Local Domains for Image-to-Image Translation9 Sep 2021
- 2021Physics-informed Guided Disentanglement in Generative Networks29 Jul 2021
- 2021RCDNet: An Interpretable Rain Convolutional Dictionary Network for Single Image Deraining14 Jul 2021
- 2021Robustness of Object Detectors in Degrading Weather Conditions16 Jun 2021
- 2021ACDC: The Adverse Conditions Dataset with Correspondences for Robust Semantic Driving Scene Perception27 Apr 2021
- 2021RaidaR: A Rich Annotated Image Dataset of Rainy Street Scenes9 Apr 2021
- 2021When Pigs Fly: Contextual Reasoning in Synthetic and Natural Scenes6 Apr 2021
- 2021CoMoGAN: continuous model-guided image-to-image translation11 Mar 2021
- 2021Worsening Perception: Real-time Degradation of Autonomous Vehicle Perception Performance for Simulation of Adverse Weather Conditions3 Mar 2021
- 2021ZeroScatter: Domain Transfer for Long Distance Imaging and Vision through Scattering Media11 Feb 2021
- 2022NOTE: Robust Continual Test-time Adaptation Against Temporal Correlationcited by 151
- 2021The Norm Must Go On: Dynamic Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Normalizationcited by 131
- 2022An Efficient Domain-Incremental Learning Approach to Drive in All Weather Conditionscited by 54
- 2022Towards Robust Rain Removal Against Adversarial Attacks: A Comprehensive Benchmark Analysis and Beyondcited by 48
- 2022ActMAD: Activation Matching to Align Distributions for Test-Time-Trainingcited by 41
- 2022Not Just Streaks: Towards Ground Truth for Single Image Derainingcited by 31
- 2021Robustness of Object Detectors in Degrading Weather Conditionscited by 28
- 2023ScatterNeRF: Seeing Through Fog with Physically-Based Inverse Neural Renderingcited by 28
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Language-guided Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 28
- 2021CoMoGAN: continuous model-guided image-to-image translationcited by 27
- 2021When Pigs Fly: Contextual Reasoning in Synthetic and Natural Scenescited by 23
- 2021ACDC: The Adverse Conditions Dataset with Correspondences for Robust Semantic Driving Scene Perceptioncited by 21
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2026Real-World Perception for Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather: Enhancing Standard Detectors via Foundation-Guided Auto-Annotation22 Sep 2026
- 2026GSRAIN: Physically Calibrated High-/Low-Frequency Rainfall Synthesis for 3D Gaussian Driving Scenes3 Aug 2026
- 2026FR-DETR: Frequency and Recurrent Feature Refinement for Robust Object Detection under Adverse Weather29 Jun 2026
- 2026Safety-Critical Camera Reliability Monitoring for ADAS via Degradation-Aware Uncertainty Pattern Analysis6 May 2026
- 2026CD-Buffer: Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather Object Detection27 Mar 2026
- 2025NDLPNet: A Location-Aware Nighttime Deraining Network and a Real-World Benchmark Dataset17 Sep 2025
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereo14 May 2025
- 2025MonoCT: Overcoming Monocular 3D Detection Domain Shift with Consistent Teacher Models17 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning from Rendering: Realistic and Controllable Extreme Rainy Image Synthesis for Autonomous Driving Simulation23 Feb 2025
- 2024Sun Off, Lights On: Photorealistic Monocular Nighttime Simulation for Robust Semantic Perception29 Jul 2024
- 2024SUSTechGAN: Image Generation for Object Detection in Adverse Conditions of Autonomous Driving18 Jul 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Test-Time Domain Adaptation for Object Detection8 Jul 2024
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)