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StructureFlow: Image Inpainting via Structure-aware Appearance Flow

arXiv 1908.03852 ↗First posted 11 Aug 2019cs.CVcited by 118

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Abstract (arXiv)

Image inpainting techniques have shown significant improvements by using deep neural networks recently. However, most of them may either fail to reconstruct reasonable structures or restore fine-grained textures. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a two-stage model which splits the inpainting task into two parts: structure reconstruction and texture generation. In the first stage, edge-preserved smooth images are employed to train a structure reconstructor which completes the missing structures of the inputs. In the second stage, based on the reconstructed structures, a texture generator using appearance flow is designed to yield image details. Experiments on multiple publicly available datasets show the superior performance of the proposed network.

Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 40; 2022: 29; 2023: 26; 2024: 12; 2025: 11.

118 papers.

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  1. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
  2. 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 730
  3. 2023TextDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Text Painterscited by 223
  4. 2021Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 219
  5. 2022MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpaintingcited by 216
  6. 2021Generating Diverse Structure for Image Inpainting With Hierarchical VQ-VAEcited by 106
  7. 2021Aggregated Contextual Transformations for High-Resolution Image Inpaintingcited by 89
  8. 2021Diverse Image Inpainting with Bidirectional and Autoregressive Transformerscited by 80
  9. 2021PD-GAN: Probabilistic Diverse GAN for Image Inpaintingcited by 80
  10. 2024ObjectDrop: Bootstrapping Counterfactuals for Photorealistic Object Removal and Insertioncited by 71
  11. 2021Image Inpainting via Conditional Texture and Structure Dual Generationcited by 66
  12. 2021PISE: Person Image Synthesis and Editing with Decoupled GANcited by 62
38 more
  1. 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
  2. 2022CM-GAN: Image Inpainting with Cascaded Modulation GAN and Object-Aware Trainingcited by 49
  3. 2021TransFill: Reference-guided Image Inpainting by Merging Multiple Color and Spatial Transformationscited by 48
  4. 2021WaveFill: A Wavelet-based Generation Network for Image Inpaintingcited by 44
  5. 2024Deep Learning-based Image and Video Inpainting: A Surveycited by 44
  6. 2021Recurrent Video Deblurring with Blur-Invariant Motion Estimation and Pixel Volumescited by 41
  7. 2021Image Inpainting by End-to-End Cascaded Refinement with Mask Awarenesscited by 35
  8. 2022MISF: Multi-level Interactive Siamese Filtering for High-Fidelity Image Inpaintingcited by 35
  9. 2021ZFlow: Gated Appearance Flow-based Virtual Try-on with 3D Priorscited by 34
  10. 2021SketchEdit: Mask-Free Local Image Manipulation with Partial Sketchescited by 32
  11. 2021Learning a Sketch Tensor Space for Image Inpainting of Man-made Scenescited by 25
  12. 2023Learning Generative Structure Prior for Blind Text Image Super-resolutioncited by 24
  13. 2021Image Inpainting with External-internal Learning and Monochromic Bottleneckcited by 21
  14. 2022ZITS++: Image Inpainting by Improving the Incremental Transformer on Structural Priorscited by 21
  15. 2023Improving Cross-modal Alignment for Text-Guided Image Inpaintingcited by 21
  16. 2021Internal Video Inpainting by Implicit Long-range Propagationcited by 19
  17. 2022Don't Forget Me: Accurate Background Recovery for Text Removal via Modeling Local-Global Contextcited by 18
  18. 2021JPGNet: Joint Predictive Filtering and Generative Network for Image Inpaintingcited by 17
  19. 2022AutoLink: Self-supervised Learning of Human Skeletons and Object Outlines by Linking Keypointscited by 17
  20. 2024Magic Insert: Style-Aware Drag-and-Dropcited by 17
  21. 2021Layout-Guided Novel View Synthesis from a Single Indoor Panoramacited by 16
  22. 2023ShiftDDPMs: Exploring Conditional Diffusion Models by Shifting Diffusion Trajectoriescited by 14
  23. 2022Delving Globally into Texture and Structure for Image Inpaintingcited by 13
  24. 2023Learning Image-Adaptive Codebooks for Class-Agnostic Image Restorationcited by 13
  25. 2025Precise Object and Effect Removal with Adaptive Target-Aware Attentioncited by 13
  26. 2021Bridging the Visual Gap: Wide-Range Image Blendingcited by 12
  27. 2023RGI: robust GAN-inversion for mask-free image inpainting and unsupervised pixel-wise anomaly detectioncited by 12
  28. 2021Structure-aware Person Image Generation with Pose Decomposition and Semantic Correlationcited by 11
  29. 2021FT-TDR: Frequency-guided Transformer and Top-Down Refinement Network for Blind Face Inpaintingcited by 11
  30. 2022Image Synthesis with Disentangled Attributes for Chest X-Ray Nodule Augmentation and Detectioncited by 11
  31. 2023Reference-Guided Large-Scale Face Inpainting with Identity and Texture Controlcited by 10
  32. 2023Delving into Crispness: Guided Label Refinement for Crisp Edge Detectioncited by 10
  33. 2024HINT: High-quality INPainting Transformer with Mask-Aware Encoding and Enhanced Attentioncited by 10
  34. 2021Context-Aware Image Inpainting with Learned Semantic Priorscited by 9
  35. 2022GeoFill: Reference-Based Image Inpainting with Better Geometric Understandingcited by 9
  36. 2022Image Inpainting via Iteratively Decoupled Probabilistic Modelingcited by 9
  37. 2023Clutter Detection and Removal in 3D Scenes with View-Consistent Inpaintingcited by 9
  38. 2025Hadamard product in deep learning: Introduction, Advances and Challengescited by 9

50 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)