Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we study the problem of procedure planning in instructional videos, which can be seen as a step towards enabling autonomous agents to plan for complex tasks in everyday settings such as cooking. Given the current visual observation of the world and a visual goal, we ask the question "What actions need to be taken in order to achieve the goal?". The key technical challenge is to learn structured and plannable state and action spaces directly from unstructured videos. We address this challenge by proposing Dual Dynamics Networks (DDN), a framework that explicitly leverages the structured priors imposed by the conjugate relationships between states and actions in a learned plannable latent space. We evaluate our method on real-world instructional videos. Our experiments show that DDN learns plannable representations that lead to better planning performance compared to existing planning approaches and neural network policies.
Key facts. Cited by 92 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Jul 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 4; 2022: 16; 2023: 25; 2024: 18; 2025: 15; 2026: 13.
92 papers.
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- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,556
- 2023Ego-Exo4D: Understanding Skilled Human Activity from First- and Third-Person Perspectivescited by 490
- 2022EgoTaskQA: Understanding Human Tasks in Egocentric Videoscited by 115
- 2023AntGPT: Can Large Language Models Help Long-term Action Anticipation from Videos?cited by 81
- 2023EgoPlan-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Human-Level Planningcited by 69
- 2023HierVL: Learning Hierarchical Video-Language Embeddingscited by 66
- 2021Home Action Genome: Cooperative Compositional Action Understandingcited by 53
- 2021Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos via Contextual Modeling and Model-based Policy Learningcited by 53
- 2022P3IV: Probabilistic Procedure Planning from Instructional Videos with Weak Supervisioncited by 52
- 2023CaptainCook4D: A Dataset for Understanding Errors in Procedural Activitiescited by 51
- 2023Procedure-Aware Pretraining for Instructional Video Understandingcited by 48
- 2023Learning Procedure-aware Video Representation from Instructional Videos and Their Narrationscited by 46
38 more
- 2019Imitation Learning for Human Pose Predictioncited by 44
- 2023Multimodal Procedural Planning via Dual Text-Image Promptingcited by 40
- 2022Look for the Change: Learning Object States and State-Modifying Actions from Untrimmed Web Videoscited by 39
- 2023StepFormer: Self-supervised Step Discovery and Localization in Instructional Videoscited by 37
- 2023PDPP: Projected Diffusion for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 36
- 2023Learning Object State Changes in Videos: An Open-World Perspectivecited by 36
- 2025Planning with Reasoning using Vision Language World Modelcited by 36
- 2023Video-Mined Task Graphs for Keystep Recognition in Instructional Videoscited by 35
- 2022Visual Abductive Reasoningcited by 30
- 2022Rethinking Learning Approaches for Long-Term Action Anticipationcited by 29
- 2022Neuro-Symbolic Procedural Planning with Commonsense Promptingcited by 28
- 2023Pretrained Language Models as Visual Planners for Human Assistancecited by 28
- 2023Learning to Ground Instructional Articles in Videos through Narrationscited by 28
- 2023Learning and Verification of Task Structure in Instructional Videoscited by 26
- 2024SCHEMA: State CHangEs MAtter for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 24
- 2023Event-Guided Procedure Planning from Instructional Videos with Text Supervisioncited by 21
- 2025WorldPrediction: A Benchmark for High-level World Modeling and Long-horizon Procedural Planningcited by 20
- 2025Memory-efficient Streaming VideoLLMs for Real-time Procedural Video Understandingcited by 19
- 2023Every Mistake Counts in Assemblycited by 18
- 2024ExpertAF: Expert Actionable Feedback from Videocited by 17
- 2024Why Not Use Your Textbook? Knowledge-Enhanced Procedure Planning of Instructional Videoscited by 15
- 2022Predicting the Next Action by Modeling the Abstract Goalcited by 14
- 2023Skip-Plan: Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos via Condensed Action Space Learningcited by 14
- 2022Sports Video Analysis on Large-Scale Datacited by 13
- 2022CRIPP-VQA: Counterfactual Reasoning about Implicit Physical Properties via Video Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Online Action Segmentation in Multi-View Instructional Videoscited by 12
- 2024Propose, Assess, Search: Harnessing LLMs for Goal-Oriented Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 12
- 2021Hierarchical Modeling for Task Recognition and Action Segmentation in Weakly-Labeled Instructional Videoscited by 11
- 2022Reasoning about Actions over Visual and Linguistic Modalities: A Surveycited by 10
- 2024Enhancing Temporal Modeling of Video LLMs via Time Gatingcited by 10
- 2024PlanLLM: Video Procedure Planning with Refinable Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2023GePSAn: Generative Procedure Step Anticipation in Cooking Videoscited by 9
- 2024Language Guided Exploration for RL Agents in Text Environmentscited by 9
- 2024Human Action Anticipation: A Surveycited by 9
- 2024FIction: 4D Future Interaction Prediction from Videocited by 9
- 2023Action Dynamics Task Graphs for Learning Plannable Representations of Procedural Taskscited by 8
- 2024ActionDiffusion: An Action-aware Diffusion Model for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 8
- 2023Masked Diffusion with Task-awareness for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 7
50 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)
- 2026Contrastive Energy Fields for Inference-Time Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos17 Aug 2026
- 2026OSEF: One-Step Evidence Fusion for Cross-Video Scene Procedure Planning31 Jul 2026
- 2026FactCheck: Feasibility-aware Long-term Action Anticipation with Multi-agent Collaboration10 Jun 2026
- 2026Demo2Tutorial: From Human Experience to Multimodal Software Tutorials2 Jun 2026
- 2026How You Move Tells What You'll Do: Trajectory-Conditioned Egocentric Prediction19 May 2026
- 2026RECIPE: Procedural Planning via Grounding in Instructional Video19 May 2026
- 2026DenseStep2M: A Scalable, Training-Free Pipeline for Dense Instructional Video Annotation29 Apr 2026
- 2026SportSkills: Physical Skill Learning from Sports Instructional Videos26 Mar 2026
- 2026LAP: A Language-Aware Planning Model For Procedure Planning In Instructional Videos10 Mar 2026
- 2026ENIGMA-360: An Ego-Exo Dataset for Human Behavior Understanding in Industrial Scenarios10 Mar 2026
- 2026CAST: Modeling Visual State Transitions for Consistent Video Retrieval9 Mar 2026
- 2026ViterbiPlanNet: Injecting Procedural Knowledge via Differentiable Viterbi for Planning in Instructional Videos4 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026GeoWorld: Geometric World Models26 Feb 2026
- 2025A Stitch in Time: Learning Procedural Workflow via Self-Supervised Plackett-Luce Ranking21 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning Skill-Attributes for Transferable Assessment in Video17 Nov 2025
- 2025Planning with Reasoning using Vision Language World Model2 Sep 2025
- 2025Enhancing Visual Planning with Auxiliary Tasks and Multi-token Prediction20 Jul 2025
- 2025LLaPa: A Vision-Language Model Framework for Counterfactual-Aware Procedural Planning11 Jul 2025
- 2025Masked Temporal Interpolation Diffusion for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos4 Jul 2025
- 2025What to Do Next? Memorizing skills from Egocentric Instructional Video1 Jul 2025
- 2025WorldPrediction: A Benchmark for High-level World Modeling and Long-horizon Procedural Planning4 Jun 2025
- 2025Predicting Implicit Arguments in Procedural Video Instructions27 May 2025
- 2025Chain-of-Modality: Learning Manipulation Programs from Multimodal Human Videos with Vision-Language-Models17 Apr 2025
- 2025Memory-efficient Streaming VideoLLMs for Real-time Procedural Video Understanding10 Apr 2025
- 2025What Changed and What Could Have Changed? State-Change Counterfactuals for Procedure-Aware Video Representation Learning27 Mar 2025
- 2025Neuro Symbolic Knowledge Reasoning for Procedural Video Question Answering19 Mar 2025
- 2025Stitch-a-Demo: Video Demonstrations from Multistep Descriptions18 Mar 2025
- 2025CLAD: Constrained Latent Action Diffusion for Vision-Language Procedure Planning9 Mar 2025
- 2024PlanLLM: Video Procedure Planning with Refinable Large Language Models26 Dec 2024
- 2024VG-TVP: Multimodal Procedural Planning via Visually Grounded Text-Video Prompting16 Dec 2024
- 2024FIction: 4D Future Interaction Prediction from Video1 Dec 2024
- 2024Human Action Anticipation: A Survey17 Oct 2024
- 2024Enhancing Temporal Modeling of Video LLMs via Time Gating8 Oct 2024
- 2024ACDC: Autoregressive Coherent Multimodal Generation using Diffusion Correction7 Oct 2024
- 2024VEDIT: Latent Prediction Architecture For Procedural Video Representation Learning4 Oct 2024
- 2024Propose, Assess, Search: Harnessing LLMs for Goal-Oriented Planning in Instructional Videos30 Sep 2024
- 2024User-in-the-loop Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs for Activity Assistance4 Aug 2024
- 2024ExpertAF: Expert Actionable Feedback from Video1 Aug 2024
- 2024Open-Event Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos6 Jul 2024
- 2024RAP: Retrieval-Augmented Planner for Adaptive Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos27 Mar 2024
- 2024ActionDiffusion: An Action-aware Diffusion Model for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos13 Mar 2024
- 2024Language Guided Exploration for RL Agents in Text Environments5 Mar 2024
- 2024Why Not Use Your Textbook? Knowledge-Enhanced Procedure Planning of Instructional Videos5 Mar 2024
- 2024SCHEMA: State CHangEs MAtter for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos3 Mar 2024
- 2024CI w/o TN: Context Injection without Task Name for Procedure Planning23 Feb 2024
- 2024Detours for Navigating Instructional Videos3 Jan 2024
- 2023CaptainCook4D: A Dataset for Understanding Errors in Procedural Activities22 Dec 2023
- 2023Learning Object State Changes in Videos: An Open-World Perspective19 Dec 2023
- 2023EgoPlan-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Human-Level Planning11 Dec 2023
- 2023Spacewalk-18: A Benchmark for Multimodal and Long-form Procedural Video Understanding in Novel Domains30 Nov 2023
50 newest of 92 All 92 (JSON)
- 2023EgoPlan-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Human-Level Planningcited by 69
- 2022Visual Abductive Reasoningcited by 30
- 2025LLaPa: A Vision-Language Model Framework for Counterfactual-Aware Procedural Planningcited by 6
- 2024User-in-the-loop Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs for Activity Assistancecited by 5
- 2025Neuro Symbolic Knowledge Reasoning for Procedural Video Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2023Visual Reasoning: from State to Transformationcited by 0
- 2025LLaPa: A Vision-Language Model Framework for Counterfactual-Aware Procedural Planning11 Jul 2025
- 2025Neuro Symbolic Knowledge Reasoning for Procedural Video Question Answering19 Mar 2025
- 2024User-in-the-loop Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs for Activity Assistance4 Aug 2024
- 2023EgoPlan-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Human-Level Planning11 Dec 2023
- 2023Visual Reasoning: from State to Transformation2 May 2023
- 2022Visual Abductive Reasoning26 Mar 2022
- 2024ActionDiffusion: An Action-aware Diffusion Model for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 8
- 2023Masked Diffusion with Task-awareness for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videoscited by 7
- 2024ACDC: Autoregressive Coherent Multimodal Generation using Diffusion Correctioncited by 3
- 2025CLAD: Constrained Latent Action Diffusion for Vision-Language Procedure Planningcited by 2
- 2025CLAD: Constrained Latent Action Diffusion for Vision-Language Procedure Planning9 Mar 2025
- 2024ACDC: Autoregressive Coherent Multimodal Generation using Diffusion Correction7 Oct 2024
- 2024ActionDiffusion: An Action-aware Diffusion Model for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos13 Mar 2024
- 2023Masked Diffusion with Task-awareness for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos14 Sep 2023
- 2019Imitation Learning for Human Pose Predictioncited by 44
- 2019Imitation Learning for Human Pose Prediction8 Sep 2019
- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,556
- 2023Ego-Exo4D: Understanding Skilled Human Activity from First- and Third-Person Perspectivescited by 490
- 2022EgoTaskQA: Understanding Human Tasks in Egocentric Videoscited by 115
- 2023AntGPT: Can Large Language Models Help Long-term Action Anticipation from Videos?cited by 81
- 2023HierVL: Learning Hierarchical Video-Language Embeddingscited by 66
- 2021Home Action Genome: Cooperative Compositional Action Understandingcited by 53
- 2021Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos via Contextual Modeling and Model-based Policy Learningcited by 53
- 2022P3IV: Probabilistic Procedure Planning from Instructional Videos with Weak Supervisioncited by 52
- 2023CaptainCook4D: A Dataset for Understanding Errors in Procedural Activitiescited by 51
- 2023Procedure-Aware Pretraining for Instructional Video Understandingcited by 48
- 2023Learning Procedure-aware Video Representation from Instructional Videos and Their Narrationscited by 46
- 2023Multimodal Procedural Planning via Dual Text-Image Promptingcited by 40
12 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)
- 2026Contrastive Energy Fields for Inference-Time Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos17 Aug 2026
- 2026OSEF: One-Step Evidence Fusion for Cross-Video Scene Procedure Planning31 Jul 2026
- 2026FactCheck: Feasibility-aware Long-term Action Anticipation with Multi-agent Collaboration10 Jun 2026
- 2026Demo2Tutorial: From Human Experience to Multimodal Software Tutorials2 Jun 2026
- 2026How You Move Tells What You'll Do: Trajectory-Conditioned Egocentric Prediction19 May 2026
- 2026RECIPE: Procedural Planning via Grounding in Instructional Video19 May 2026
- 2026DenseStep2M: A Scalable, Training-Free Pipeline for Dense Instructional Video Annotation29 Apr 2026
- 2026SportSkills: Physical Skill Learning from Sports Instructional Videos26 Mar 2026
- 2026LAP: A Language-Aware Planning Model For Procedure Planning In Instructional Videos10 Mar 2026
- 2026ENIGMA-360: An Ego-Exo Dataset for Human Behavior Understanding in Industrial Scenarios10 Mar 2026
- 2026CAST: Modeling Visual State Transitions for Consistent Video Retrieval9 Mar 2026
- 2026ViterbiPlanNet: Injecting Procedural Knowledge via Differentiable Viterbi for Planning in Instructional Videos4 Mar 2026
12 newest of 75 All 75 (JSON)