mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorization

arXiv 1906.09909 ↗First posted 24 Jun 2019cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 75

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents the first end-to-end network for exemplar-based video colorization. The main challenge is to achieve temporal consistency while remaining faithful to the reference style. To address this issue, we introduce a recurrent framework that unifies the semantic correspondence and color propagation steps. Both steps allow a provided reference image to guide the colorization of every frame, thus reducing accumulated propagation errors. Video frames are colorized in sequence based on the colorization history, and its coherency is further enforced by the temporal consistency loss. All of these components, learned end-to-end, help produce realistic videos with good temporal stability. Experiments show our result is superior to the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 16; 2023: 19; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 4.

75 papers.

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  1. 2022Paint by Example: Exemplar-based Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 489
  2. 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
  3. 2021Colorization Transformercited by 89
  4. 2021Learning by Aligning: Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification using Cross-Modal Correspondencescited by 66
  5. 2023ImageBrush: Learning Visual In-Context Instructions for Exemplar-Based Image Manipulationcited by 59
  6. 2021Towards Vivid and Diverse Image Colorization with Generative Color Priorcited by 55
  7. 2021Unbalanced Feature Transport for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 41
  8. 2023Test-Time Training on Video Streamscited by 37
  9. 2024Control Color: Multimodal Diffusion-based Interactive Image Colorizationcited by 33
  10. 2022Bringing Old Films Back to Lifecited by 31
  11. 2022NeuralHDHair: Automatic High-fidelity Hair Modeling from a Single Image Using Implicit Neural Representationscited by 31
  12. 20213D Pose Transfer with Correspondence Learning and Mesh Refinementcited by 30
38 more
  1. 2023Blind Video Deflickering by Neural Filtering with a Flawed Atlascited by 27
  2. 2021Temporally Consistent Video Colorization with Deep Feature Propagation and Self-regularization Learningcited by 22
  3. 2022Unsupervised 3D Pose Transfer with Cross Consistency and Dual Reconstructioncited by 21
  4. 2021Bi-level Feature Alignment for Versatile Image Translation and Manipulationcited by 20
  5. 2021The Animation Transformer: Visual Correspondence via Segment Matchingcited by 20
  6. 2022Few-Shot Head Swapping in the Wildcited by 20
  7. 2023VIDiff: Translating Videos via Multi-Modal Instructions with Diffusion Modelscited by 19
  8. 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorizationcited by 13
  9. 2021VCGAN: Video Colorization with Hybrid Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 12
  10. 2021Deep Edge-Aware Interactive Colorization against Color-Bleeding Effectscited by 12
  11. 2021Semantic-Sparse Colorization Network for Deep Exemplar-based Colorizationcited by 12
  12. 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 11
  13. 2025Follow-Your-Color: Multi-Instance Sketch Colorizationcited by 10
  14. 2021Color2Embed: Fast Exemplar-Based Image Colorization using Color Embeddingscited by 9
  15. 2023AnimeDiffusion: Anime Face Line Drawing Colorization via Diffusion Modelscited by 9
  16. 2022SCSNet: An Efficient Paradigm for Learning Simultaneously Image Colorization and Super-Resolutioncited by 8
  17. 2022Pik-Fix: Restoring and Colorizing Old Photoscited by 8
  18. 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorizationcited by 8
  19. 2022UniColor: A Unified Framework for Multi-Modal Colorization with Transformercited by 7
  20. 2024Automatic Controllable Colorization via Imaginationcited by 7
  21. 2021Neural Photometry-guided Visual Attribute Transfercited by 6
  22. 2022Photo-to-Shape Material Transfer for Diverse Structurescited by 5
  23. 2023ChromaDistill: Colorizing Monochrome Radiance Fields with Knowledge Distillationcited by 5
  24. 2025InstaFace: Identity-Preserving Facial Editing with Single Image Inferencecited by 5
  25. 2023Exemplar-based Video Colorization with Long-term Spatiotemporal Dependencycited by 4
  26. 2023Modernizing Old Photos Using Multiple References via Photorealistic Style Transfercited by 4
  27. 2025VDOT: Efficient Unified Video Creation via Optimal Transport Distillationcited by 4
  28. 2022Time-of-Day Neural Style Transfer for Architectural Photographscited by 3
  29. 2023Learning Data-Driven Vector-Quantized Degradation Model for Animation Video Super-Resolutioncited by 3
  30. 2023SVCNet: Scribble-based Video Colorization Network with Temporal Aggregationcited by 3
  31. 2023SPColor: Semantic Prior Guided Exemplar-based Image Colorizationcited by 3
  32. 2023StyleRetoucher: Generalized Portrait Image Retouching with GAN Priorscited by 3
  33. 2024IReNe: Instant Recoloring of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 3
  34. 2021Attention-based Stylisation for Exemplar Image Colourisationcited by 2
  35. 2022Task Agnostic Restoration of Natural Video Dynamicscited by 2
  36. 2023SARA: Controllable Makeup Transfer with Spatial Alignment and Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 2
  37. 2021Guided Colorization Using Mono-Color Image Pairscited by 1
  38. 2022Unsupervised Structure-Consistent Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1

50 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)