mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Unbalanced Feature Transport for Exemplar-based Image Translation

arXiv 2106.10482 ↗First posted 19 Jun 2021cs.CVcited by 41

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the great success of GANs in images translation with different conditioned inputs such as semantic segmentation and edge maps, generating high-fidelity realistic images with reference styles remains a grand challenge in conditional image-to-image translation. This paper presents a general image translation framework that incorporates optimal transport for feature alignment between conditional inputs and style exemplars in image translation. The introduction of optimal transport mitigates the constraint of many-to-one feature matching significantly while building up accurate semantic correspondences between conditional inputs and exemplars. We design a novel unbalanced optimal transport to address the transport between features with deviational distributions which exists widely between conditional inputs and exemplars. In addition, we design a semantic-activation normalization scheme that injects style features of exemplars into the image translation process successfully. Extensive experiments over multiple image translation tasks show that our method achieves superior image translation qualitatively and quantitatively as compared with the state-of-the-art.

Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 56 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2021.

Builds on

56 of 68 references.

References · 56

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  4. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  5. 2013Auto-Encoding Variational Bayescited by 3,980
  6. 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
  7. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  8. 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
  9. 2013Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distancescited by 2,277
  10. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  11. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  12. 2017High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANscited by 1,176
38 more
  1. 2019StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domainscited by 1,095
  2. 2016COCO-Stuff: Thing and Stuff Classes in Contextcited by 858
  3. 2018Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 809
  4. 2018Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 795
  5. 2018Generative Image Inpainting with Contextual Attentioncited by 578
  6. 2015Optimal Transport for Domain Adaptationcited by 457
  7. 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 295
  8. 2016Learning from Simulated and Unsupervised Images through Adversarial Trainingcited by 287
  9. 2019SEAN: Image Synthesis with Semantic Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 253
  10. 2017Pose Guided Person Image Generationcited by 251
  11. 2019DRIT++: Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representationscited by 244
  12. 2019Style Transfer by Relaxed Optimal Transport and Self-Similaritycited by 167
  13. 2020Controllable Person Image Synthesis with Attribute-Decomposed GANcited by 150
  14. 2015Optimal Entropy-Transport problems and a new Hellinger-Kantorovich distance between positive measurescited by 138
  15. 2018The Contextual Loss for Image Transformation with Non-Aligned Datacited by 135
  16. 2020Cross-domain Correspondence Learning for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 116
  17. 2018Image Generation from Layoutcited by 105
  18. 2019Multi-Channel Attention Selection GAN with Cascaded Semantic Guidance for Cross-View Image Translationcited by 97
  19. 2019Image Synthesis From Reconfigurable Layout and Stylecited by 85
  20. 2018Deep Exemplar-based Colorizationcited by 82
  21. 2021Diverse Image Inpainting with Bidirectional and Autoregressive Transformerscited by 80
  22. 2018ESIR: End-to-end Scene Text Recognition via Iterative Image Rectificationcited by 79
  23. 2021Defect-GAN: High-Fidelity Defect Synthesis for Automated Defect Inspectioncited by 77
  24. 2019Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorizationcited by 75
  25. 2018Spatial Fusion GAN for Image Synthesiscited by 68
  26. 2020Semantically Multi-modal Image Synthesiscited by 58
  27. 2020EMLight: Lighting Estimation via Spherical Distribution Approximationcited by 47
  28. 2018Verisimilar Image Synthesis for Accurate Detection and Recognition of Texts in Scenescited by 44
  29. 2020Cascade EF-GAN: Progressive Facial Expression Editing with Local Focusescited by 43
  30. 2018Exemplar Guided Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation with Semantic Consistencycited by 41
  31. 2019GA-DAN: Geometry-Aware Domain Adaptation Network for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 37
  32. 2016Scaling Algorithms for Unbalanced Transport Problemscited by 36
  33. 2019Cycle In Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks for Keypoint-Guided Image Generationcited by 34
  34. 2019Example-Guided Style Consistent Image Synthesis from Semantic Labelingcited by 29
  35. 2019Positional Normalizationcited by 28
  36. 2021GMLight: Lighting Estimation via Geometric Distribution Approximationcited by 28
  37. 2020BachGAN: High-Resolution Image Synthesis from Salient Object Layoutcited by 22
  38. 2020Adversarial Image Composition with Auxiliary Illuminationcited by 21

50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 11; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

41 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Optimal Flow Matching: Learning Straight Trajectories in Just One Stepcited by 74
  2. 2023Prompt-Free Diffusion: Taking "Text" out of Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 62
  3. 2021Multimodal Image Synthesis and Editing: The Generative AI Eracited by 52
  4. 2021WaveFill: A Wavelet-based Generation Network for Image Inpaintingcited by 44
  5. 2021Blind Image Super-Resolution via Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 32
  6. 2022Eliminating Gradient Conflict in Reference-based Line-Art Colorizationcited by 25
  7. 2022DynaST: Dynamic Sparse Transformer for Exemplar-Guided Image Generationcited by 24
  8. 2022Modulated Contrast for Versatile Image Synthesiscited by 23
  9. 2022MIDMs: Matching Interleaved Diffusion Models for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 22
  10. 2021Bi-level Feature Alignment for Versatile Image Translation and Manipulationcited by 20
  11. 2022Marginal Contrastive Correspondence for Guided Image Generationcited by 19
  12. 2023SOOD: Towards Semi-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 19
29 more
  1. 2021Sparse Needlets for Lighting Estimation with Spherical Transport Losscited by 18
  2. 2022VMRF: View Matching Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 17
  3. 2023KD-DLGAN: Data Limited Image Generation via Knowledge Distillationcited by 16
  4. 2021GenCo: Generative Co-training for Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 14
  5. 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swappingcited by 11
  6. 2024Frame Order Matters: A Temporal Sequence-Aware Model for Few-Shot Action Recognitioncited by 10
  7. 2022Auto-regressive Image Synthesis with Integrated Quantizationcited by 9
  8. 2024EBDM: Exemplar-guided Image Translation with Brownian-bridge Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  9. 2024Unsupervised Cross-Domain Image Retrieval via Prototypical Optimal Transportcited by 7
  10. 2021ManiFest: Manifold Deformation for Few-shot Image Translationcited by 6
  11. 2022Exploring Negatives in Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 6
  12. 2023TPSeNCE: Towards Artifact-Free Realistic Rain Generation for Deraining and Object Detection in Raincited by 5
  13. 2023Human-Inspired Facial Sketch Synthesis with Dynamic Adaptationcited by 4
  14. 2025MGPATH: Vision-Language Model with Multi-Granular Prompt Learning for Few-Shot WSI Classificationcited by 3
  15. 2025USIGAN: Unbalanced Self-Information Feature Transport for Weakly Paired Image IHC Virtual Stainingcited by 3
  16. 2021FBC-GAN: Diverse and Flexible Image Synthesis via Foreground-Background Compositioncited by 2
  17. 2023CFFT-GAN: Cross-domain Feature Fusion Transformer for Exemplar-based Image Translationcited by 2
  18. 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Mapcited by 2
  19. 2023SARA: Controllable Makeup Transfer with Spatial Alignment and Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 2
  20. 2025ChangeBridge: Spatiotemporal Image Generation with Multimodal Controls for Remote Sensingcited by 2
  21. 2022DSI2I: Dense Style for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1
  22. 2021Image-to-image Transformation with Auxiliary Conditioncited by 0
  23. 2021A Survey on Adversarial Image Synthesiscited by 0
  24. 2021GLocal: Global Graph Reasoning and Local Structure Transfer for Person Image Generationcited by 0
  25. 2022Latent Multi-Relation Reasoning for GAN-Prior based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0
  26. 2022Towards Generalization on Real Domain for Single Image Dehazing via Meta-Learningcited by 0
  27. 2024Learning to Manipulate Artistic Imagescited by 0
  28. 2024OMH: Structured Sparsity via Optimally Matched Hierarchy for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
  29. 2026Face Normal Estimation from Rags to Richescited by 0