2D Car Detection in Radar Data with PointNets
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Abstract (arXiv)
For many automated driving functions, a highly accurate perception of the vehicle environment is a crucial prerequisite. Modern high-resolution radar sensors generate multiple radar targets per object, which makes these sensors particularly suitable for the 2D object detection task. This work presents an approach to detect 2D objects solely depending on sparse radar data using PointNets. In literature, only methods are presented so far which perform either object classification or bounding box estimation for objects. In contrast, this method facilitates a classification together with a bounding box estimation of objects using a single radar sensor. To this end, PointNets are adjusted for radar data performing 2D object classification with segmentation, and 2D bounding box regression in order to estimate an amodal 2D bounding box. The algorithm is evaluated using an automatically created dataset which consist of various realistic driving maneuvers. The results show the great potential of object detection in high-resolution radar data using PointNets.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 6; 2023: 12; 2024: 10; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Raw High-Definition Radar for Multi-Task Learningcited by 69
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 57
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
- 2021Multi-View Radar Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
- 2021An Application-Driven Conceptualization of Corner Cases for Perception in Highly Automated Drivingcited by 33
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radarcited by 33
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Drivingcited by 32
- 2023T-FFTRadNet: Object Detection with Swin Vision Transformers from Raw ADC Radar Signalscited by 24
- 2022RaLiBEV: Radar and LiDAR BEV Fusion Learning for Anchor Box Free Object Detection Systemscited by 23
- 2021Deep Instance Segmentation with Automotive Radar Detection Pointscited by 22
- 2022Pointillism: Accurate 3D bounding box estimation with multi-radarscited by 22
- 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 22
26 more
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2024DPFT: Dual Perspective Fusion Transformer for Camera-Radar-based Object Detectioncited by 19
- 2021Full-Velocity Radar Returns by Radar-Camera Fusioncited by 16
- 2024RadSimReal: Bridging the Gap Between Synthetic and Real Data in Radar Object Detection With Simulationcited by 14
- 2022A recurrent CNN for online object detection on raw radar framescited by 9
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 9
- 2023Improved Multi-Scale Grid Rendering of Point Clouds for Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 6
- 2024Radar Spectra-Language Model for Automotive Scene Parsingcited by 6
- 2021Fast Rule-Based Clutter Detection in Automotive Radar Datacited by 5
- 2022Self-Supervised Velocity Estimation for Automotive Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 5
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Datacited by 5
- 2021Scene-aware Learning Network for Radar Object Detectioncited by 4
- 2021Anomaly Detection in Radar Data Using PointNetscited by 4
- 2024The Radar Ghost Dataset -- An Evaluation of Ghost Objects in Automotive Radar Datacited by 4
- 2021Deep Evaluation Metric: Learning to Evaluate Simulated Radar Point Clouds for Virtual Testing of Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2023Robust Human Detection under Visual Degradation via Thermal and mmWave Radar Fusioncited by 3
- 2024LEROjD: Lidar Extended Radar-Only Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2023RC-BEVFusion: A Plug-In Module for Radar-Camera Bird's Eye View Feature Fusioncited by 2
- 2023Exploiting Sparsity in Automotive Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 2
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflectionscited by 2
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2022Deep learning for radar data exploitation of autonomous vehiclecited by 1
- 2023ThermRad: A Multi-modal Dataset for Robust 3D Object Detection under Challenging Conditionscited by 1
- 2024Leveraging Self-Supervised Instance Contrastive Learning for Radar Object Detectioncited by 1
- 2026ATN3D: Density-Aware LiDAR-Radar Early 3D Object Detection Under Extreme Sparsitycited by 0
- 2026ATN3D: Density-Aware LiDAR-Radar Early 3D Object Detection Under Extreme Sparsity8 Jun 2026
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey24 Oct 2024
- 2024LEROjD: Lidar Extended Radar-Only Object Detection9 Sep 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024Radar Spectra-Language Model for Automotive Scene Parsing4 Jun 2024
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving2 Jun 2024
- 2024RadSimReal: Bridging the Gap Between Synthetic and Real Data in Radar Object Detection With Simulation28 Apr 2024
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflections27 Apr 2024
- 2024DPFT: Dual Perspective Fusion Transformer for Camera-Radar-based Object Detection3 Apr 2024
- 2024The Radar Ghost Dataset -- An Evaluation of Ghost Objects in Automotive Radar Data1 Apr 2024
- 2024Leveraging Self-Supervised Instance Contrastive Learning for Radar Object Detection13 Feb 2024
- 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review8 Dec 2023
26 more
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detection25 Oct 2023
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Driving11 Oct 2023
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles7 Sep 2023
- 2023ThermRad: A Multi-modal Dataset for Robust 3D Object Detection under Challenging Conditions20 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploiting Sparsity in Automotive Radar Object Detection Networks15 Aug 2023
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar20 Jul 2023
- 2023Robust Human Detection under Visual Degradation via Thermal and mmWave Radar Fusion7 Jul 2023
- 2023RC-BEVFusion: A Plug-In Module for Radar-Camera Bird's Eye View Feature Fusion25 May 2023
- 2023Improved Multi-Scale Grid Rendering of Point Clouds for Radar Object Detection Networks25 May 2023
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review20 Apr 2023
- 2023T-FFTRadNet: Object Detection with Swin Vision Transformers from Raw ADC Radar Signals29 Mar 2023
- 2022A recurrent CNN for online object detection on raw radar frames21 Dec 2022
- 2022RaLiBEV: Radar and LiDAR BEV Fusion Learning for Anchor Box Free Object Detection Systems11 Nov 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Velocity Estimation for Automotive Radar Object Detection Networks7 Jul 2022
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radar3 May 2022
- 2022Deep learning for radar data exploitation of autonomous vehicle15 Mar 2022
- 2022Pointillism: Accurate 3D bounding box estimation with multi-radars8 Mar 2022
- 2021Raw High-Definition Radar for Multi-Task Learning20 Dec 2021
- 2021Deep Instance Segmentation with Automotive Radar Detection Points5 Oct 2021
- 2021Anomaly Detection in Radar Data Using PointNets20 Sep 2021
- 2021Fast Rule-Based Clutter Detection in Automotive Radar Data27 Aug 2021
- 2021Full-Velocity Radar Returns by Radar-Camera Fusion24 Aug 2021
- 2021Scene-aware Learning Network for Radar Object Detection3 Jul 2021
- 2021Deep Evaluation Metric: Learning to Evaluate Simulated Radar Point Clouds for Virtual Testing of Autonomous Driving14 Apr 2021
- 2021Multi-View Radar Semantic Segmentation30 Mar 2021
- 2021An Application-Driven Conceptualization of Corner Cases for Perception in Highly Automated Driving5 Mar 2021
- 2021Raw High-Definition Radar for Multi-Task Learningcited by 69
- 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 57
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
- 2021Multi-View Radar Semantic Segmentationcited by 34
- 2021An Application-Driven Conceptualization of Corner Cases for Perception in Highly Automated Drivingcited by 33
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radarcited by 33
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Drivingcited by 32
- 2023T-FFTRadNet: Object Detection with Swin Vision Transformers from Raw ADC Radar Signalscited by 24
- 2022RaLiBEV: Radar and LiDAR BEV Fusion Learning for Anchor Box Free Object Detection Systemscited by 23
- 2021Deep Instance Segmentation with Automotive Radar Detection Pointscited by 22
- 2022Pointillism: Accurate 3D bounding box estimation with multi-radarscited by 22
- 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 22
12 most cited of 37 All 37 (JSON)
- 2026ATN3D: Density-Aware LiDAR-Radar Early 3D Object Detection Under Extreme Sparsity8 Jun 2026
- 2024Radar and Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey24 Oct 2024
- 2024LEROjD: Lidar Extended Radar-Only Object Detection9 Sep 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024Radar Spectra-Language Model for Automotive Scene Parsing4 Jun 2024
- 2024RadSimReal: Bridging the Gap Between Synthetic and Real Data in Radar Object Detection With Simulation28 Apr 2024
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflections27 Apr 2024
- 2024DPFT: Dual Perspective Fusion Transformer for Camera-Radar-based Object Detection3 Apr 2024
- 2024The Radar Ghost Dataset -- An Evaluation of Ghost Objects in Automotive Radar Data1 Apr 2024
- 2024Leveraging Self-Supervised Instance Contrastive Learning for Radar Object Detection13 Feb 2024
- 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review8 Dec 2023
- 2023MVFAN: Multi-View Feature Assisted Network for 4D Radar Object Detection25 Oct 2023
12 newest of 37 All 37 (JSON)