mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Instance Segmentation with Automotive Radar Detection Points

arXiv 2110.01775 ↗First posted 5 Oct 2021cs.CV eess.SPcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Automotive radar provides reliable environmental perception in all-weather conditions with affordable cost, but it hardly supplies semantic and geometry information due to the sparsity of radar detection points. With the development of automotive radar technologies in recent years, instance segmentation becomes possible by using automotive radar. Its data contain contexts such as radar cross section and micro-Doppler effects, and sometimes can provide detection when the field of view is obscured. The outcome from instance segmentation could be potentially used as the input of trackers for tracking targets. The existing methods often utilize a clustering-based classification framework, which fits the need of real-time processing but has limited performance due to minimum information provided by sparse radar detection points. In this paper, we propose an efficient method based on clustering of estimated semantic information to achieve instance segmentation for the sparse radar detection points. In addition, we show that the performance of the proposed approach can be further enhanced by incorporating the visual multi-layer perceptron. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results on the popular RadarScenes dataset, achieving 89.53% mean coverage and 86.97% mean average precision with the IoU threshold of 0.5, which is superior to other approaches in the literature. More significantly, the consumed memory is around 1MB, and the inference time is less than 40ms, indicating that our proposed algorithm is storage and time efficient. These two criteria ensure the practicality of the proposed method in real-world systems.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Oct 2021.

Builds on

21 of 39 references.

References · 21

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9 more
  1. 2021Beyond Self-attention: External Attention using Two Linear Layers for Visual Taskscited by 109
  2. 20203D Point Cloud Processing and Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 68
  3. 2021RadarScenes: A Real-World Radar Point Cloud Data Set for Automotive Applicationscited by 61
  4. 2020CARRADA Dataset: Camera and Automotive Radar with Range-Angle-Doppler Annotationscited by 60
  5. 20192D Car Detection in Radar Data with PointNetscited by 38
  6. 2019Experiments with mmWave Automotive Radar Test-bedcited by 14
  7. 2020Off-the-shelf sensor vs. experimental radar -- How much resolution is necessary in automotive radar classification?cited by 10
  8. 2019Radar-based Feature Design and Multiclass Classification for Road User Recognitioncited by 6
  9. 2019A Multi-Stage Clustering Framework for Automotive Radar Datacited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 10; 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2025VAPO: Efficient and Reliable Reinforcement Learning for Advanced Reasoning Taskscited by 281
  2. 2022Occupancy-MAE: Self-supervised Pre-training Large-scale LiDAR Point Clouds with Masked Occupancy Autoencoderscited by 57
  3. 2023Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 57
  4. 2023LXL: LiDAR Excluded Lean 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar and Camera Fusioncited by 57
  5. 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
  6. 2023WaterScenes: A Multi-Task 4D Radar-Camera Fusion Dataset and Benchmarks for Autonomous Driving on Water Surfacescited by 34
  7. 2022RaLiBEV: Radar and LiDAR BEV Fusion Learning for Anchor Box Free Object Detection Systemscited by 23
  8. 2023Exploring Radar Data Representations in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 22
  9. 2024Talk2Radar: Bridging Natural Language with 4D mmWave Radar for 3D Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 17
  10. 2022GNN-PMB: A Simple but Effective Online 3D Multi-Object Tracker without Bells and Whistlescited by 15
  11. 2025LXLv2: Enhanced LiDAR Excluded Lean 3D Object Detection with Fusion of 4D Radar and Cameracited by 13
  12. 2022Contrastive Learning for Automotive mmWave Radar Detection Points Based Instance Segmentationcited by 12
10 more
  1. 2023Radars for Autonomous Driving: A Review of Deep Learning Methods and Challengescited by 10
  2. 2022A recurrent CNN for online object detection on raw radar framescited by 9
  3. 2023LEGO: Learning and Graph-Optimized Modular Tracker for Online Multi-Object Tracking with Point Cloudscited by 9
  4. 2023Radar Instance Transformer: Reliable Moving Instance Segmentation in Sparse Radar Point Cloudscited by 9
  5. 2024ProbRadarM3F: mmWave Radar based Human Skeletal Pose Estimation with Probability Map Guided Multi-Format Feature Fusioncited by 4
  6. 2023ROFusion: Efficient Object Detection using Hybrid Point-wise Radar-Optical Fusioncited by 2
  7. 2024On the Federated Learning Framework for Cooperative Perceptioncited by 2
  8. 2025Redefining Radar Segmentation: Simultaneous Static-Moving Segmentation and Ego-Motion Estimation using Radar Point Cloudscited by 1
  9. 2023Simultaneous Clutter Detection and Semantic Segmentation of Moving Objects for Automotive Radar Datacited by 0
  10. 2026DRIFT: Dual-Representation Inter-Fusion Transformer for Automated Driving Perception with 4D Radar Point Cloudscited by 0