Pointillism: Accurate 3D bounding box estimation with multi-radars
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Autonomous perception requires high-quality environment sensing in the form of 3D bounding boxes of dynamic objects. The primary sensors used in automotive systems are light-based cameras and LiDARs. However, they are known to fail in adverse weather conditions. Radars can potentially solve this problem as they are barely affected by adverse weather conditions. However, specular reflections of wireless signals cause poor performance of radar point clouds. We introduce Pointillism, a system that combines data from multiple spatially separated radars with an optimal separation to mitigate these problems. We introduce a novel concept of Cross Potential Point Clouds, which uses the spatial diversity induced by multiple radars and solves the problem of noise and sparsity in radar point clouds. Furthermore, we present the design of RP-net, a novel deep learning architecture, designed explicitly for radar's sparse data distribution, to enable accurate 3D bounding box estimation. The spatial techniques designed and proposed in this paper are fundamental to radars point cloud distribution and would benefit other radar sensing applications.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2022.
Builds on
11 of 64 references.
References · 11
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 890
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
- 2016Volumetric and Multi-View CNNs for Object Classification on 3D Datacited by 240
- 2019Frustum ConvNet: Sliding Frustums to Aggregate Local Point-Wise Features for Amodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 124
- 20192D Car Detection in Radar Data with PointNetscited by 38
- 2019See Through Smoke: Robust Indoor Mapping with Low-cost mmWave Radarcited by 35
- 2018A General Pipeline for 3D Detection of Vehiclescited by 15
- 2019High Resolution Millimeter Wave Imaging For Self-Driving Carscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 7; 2024: 9; 2025: 3.
22 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radarcited by 33
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Drivingcited by 32
- 2024OmniHD-Scenes: A Next-Generation Multimodal Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 27
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Visioncited by 21
- 2024DART: Implicit Doppler Tomography for Radar Novel View Synthesiscited by 19
- 2023Robust 3D Object Detection from LiDAR-Radar Point Clouds via Cross-Modal Feature Augmentationcited by 12
- 2022RadSegNet: A Reliable Approach to Radar Camera Fusioncited by 11
- 2024Enabling Visual Recognition at Radio Frequencycited by 11
- 2023Bootstrapping Autonomous Driving Radars with Self-Supervised Learningcited by 9
- 2024Bosch Street Dataset: A Multi-Modal Dataset with Imaging Radar for Automated Drivingcited by 7
- 2023Improved Multi-Scale Grid Rendering of Point Clouds for Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 6
10 more
- 2024Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognitioncited by 6
- 2022Self-Supervised Velocity Estimation for Automotive Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 5
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Datacited by 5
- 2023BatMobility: Towards Flying Without Seeing for Autonomous Dronescited by 4
- 2023Exploiting Sparsity in Automotive Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 2
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflectionscited by 2
- 2025RLM: A Vision-Language Model Approach for Radar Scene Understandingcited by 2
- 2024KAN-RCBEVDepth: A multi-modal fusion algorithm in object detection for autonomous drivingcited by 0
- 2025CoVeRaP: Cooperative Vehicular Perception through mmWave FMCW Radarscited by 0
- 2025Privacy-Aware Sharing of Raw Spatial Sensor Data for Cooperative Perceptioncited by 0
- 2025Privacy-Aware Sharing of Raw Spatial Sensor Data for Cooperative Perception18 Dec 2025
- 2025RLM: A Vision-Language Model Approach for Radar Scene Understanding26 Nov 2025
- 2025CoVeRaP: Cooperative Vehicular Perception through mmWave FMCW Radars22 Aug 2025
- 2024OmniHD-Scenes: A Next-Generation Multimodal Dataset for Autonomous Driving14 Dec 2024
- 2024Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition13 Oct 2024
- 2024KAN-RCBEVDepth: A multi-modal fusion algorithm in object detection for autonomous driving4 Aug 2024
- 2024Bosch Street Dataset: A Multi-Modal Dataset with Imaging Radar for Automated Driving24 Jun 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024Enabling Visual Recognition at Radio Frequency29 May 2024
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflections27 Apr 2024
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Vision24 Mar 2024
- 2024DART: Implicit Doppler Tomography for Radar Novel View Synthesis6 Mar 2024
10 more
- 2023Bootstrapping Autonomous Driving Radars with Self-Supervised Learning7 Dec 2023
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Driving11 Oct 2023
- 2023Robust 3D Object Detection from LiDAR-Radar Point Clouds via Cross-Modal Feature Augmentation29 Sep 2023
- 2023Exploiting Sparsity in Automotive Radar Object Detection Networks15 Aug 2023
- 2023BatMobility: Towards Flying Without Seeing for Autonomous Drones21 Jul 2023
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar20 Jul 2023
- 2023Improved Multi-Scale Grid Rendering of Point Clouds for Radar Object Detection Networks25 May 2023
- 2022RadSegNet: A Reliable Approach to Radar Camera Fusion8 Aug 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Velocity Estimation for Automotive Radar Object Detection Networks7 Jul 2022
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radar3 May 2022
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Visioncited by 21
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Vision24 Mar 2024
- 2023SMURF: Spatial Multi-Representation Fusion for 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radarcited by 48
- 2022Improved Orientation Estimation and Detection with Hybrid Object Detection Networks for Automotive Radarcited by 33
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Drivingcited by 32
- 2024OmniHD-Scenes: A Next-Generation Multimodal Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 27
- 2024DART: Implicit Doppler Tomography for Radar Novel View Synthesiscited by 19
- 2023Robust 3D Object Detection from LiDAR-Radar Point Clouds via Cross-Modal Feature Augmentationcited by 12
- 2022RadSegNet: A Reliable Approach to Radar Camera Fusioncited by 11
- 2024Enabling Visual Recognition at Radio Frequencycited by 11
- 2023Bootstrapping Autonomous Driving Radars with Self-Supervised Learningcited by 9
- 2024Bosch Street Dataset: A Multi-Modal Dataset with Imaging Radar for Automated Drivingcited by 7
- 2023Improved Multi-Scale Grid Rendering of Point Clouds for Radar Object Detection Networkscited by 6
- 2024Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognitioncited by 6
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2025Privacy-Aware Sharing of Raw Spatial Sensor Data for Cooperative Perception18 Dec 2025
- 2025CoVeRaP: Cooperative Vehicular Perception through mmWave FMCW Radars22 Aug 2025
- 2024OmniHD-Scenes: A Next-Generation Multimodal Dataset for Autonomous Driving14 Dec 2024
- 2024Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition13 Oct 2024
- 2024KAN-RCBEVDepth: A multi-modal fusion algorithm in object detection for autonomous driving4 Aug 2024
- 2024Bosch Street Dataset: A Multi-Modal Dataset with Imaging Radar for Automated Driving24 Jun 2024
- 2024SparseRadNet: Sparse Perception Neural Network on Subsampled Radar Data15 Jun 2024
- 2024Enabling Visual Recognition at Radio Frequency29 May 2024
- 2024BoostRad: Enhancing Object Detection by Boosting Radar Reflections27 Apr 2024
- 2024DART: Implicit Doppler Tomography for Radar Novel View Synthesis6 Mar 2024
- 2023Bootstrapping Autonomous Driving Radars with Self-Supervised Learning7 Dec 2023
- 2023Dual Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with Dual 4D Radar for Autonomous Driving11 Oct 2023
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)