Peer-to-peer Federated Learning on Graphs
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Abstract (arXiv)
We consider the problem of training a machine learning model over a network of nodes in a fully decentralized framework. The nodes take a Bayesian-like approach via the introduction of a belief over the model parameter space. We propose a distributed learning algorithm in which nodes update their belief by aggregate information from their one-hop neighbors to learn a model that best fits the observations over the entire network. In addition, we also obtain sufficient conditions to ensure that the probability of error is small for every node in the network. We discuss approximations required for applying this algorithm to train Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Experiments on training linear regression model and on training a DNN show that the proposed learning rule algorithm provides a significant improvement in the accuracy compared to the case where nodes learn without cooperation.
Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 22; 2023: 17; 2024: 10; 2025: 11; 2026: 7.
85 papers.
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- 2021Decentralized Federated Averagingcited by 114
- 2021Federated Graph Classification over Non-IID Graphscited by 114
- 2023Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey and Perspectivecited by 86
- 2021Federated Quantum Machine Learningcited by 82
- 2022DisPFL: Towards Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Decentralized Sparse Trainingcited by 74
- 2021From Distributed Machine Learning to Federated Learning: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Federated Graph Neural Networks: Overview, Techniques and Challengescited by 52
- 2021Semi-Decentralized Federated Learning with Cooperative D2D Local Model Aggregationscited by 51
- 2021Differentially Private Federated Knowledge Graphs Embeddingcited by 45
- 2023Improving the Model Consistency of Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 45
- 2021Communication Efficiency in Federated Learning: Achievements and Challengescited by 40
- 2023Inductive Graph Unlearningcited by 31
38 more
- 2024Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey on Security and Privacycited by 25
- 2022Towards Effective Clustered Federated Learning: A Peer-to-peer Framework with Adaptive Neighbor Matchingcited by 24
- 2022On the (In)security of Peer-to-Peer Decentralized Machine Learningcited by 23
- 2021Federated Learning of Molecular Properties with Graph Neural Networks in a Heterogeneous Settingcited by 19
- 2021Source Free Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptationcited by 18
- 2021Decentralized and Model-Free Federated Learning: Consensus-Based Distillation in Function Spacecited by 17
- 2021A Decentralized Federated Learning Framework via Committee Mechanism with Convergence Guaranteecited by 16
- 2022More is Better (Mostly): On the Backdoor Attacks in Federated Graph Neural Networkscited by 15
- 2022Federated Graph Machine Learning: A Survey of Concepts, Techniques, and Applicationscited by 14
- 2022Privacy-preserving Decentralized Federated Learning over Time-varying Communication Graphcited by 11
- 2023A Privacy-Preserving Hybrid Federated Learning Framework for Financial Crime Detectioncited by 10
- 2023Privacy-Preserving Graph Machine Learning from Data to Computation: A Surveycited by 10
- 2022Decentralized Event-Triggered Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Communication Thresholdscited by 9
- 2023Backdoor Attacks in Peer-to-Peer Federated Learningcited by 9
- 2021Separation of Powers in Federated Learningcited by 8
- 2022Demystifying Swarm Learning: A New Paradigm of Blockchain-based Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 7
- 2022Federated Learning for Distributed Spectrum Sensing in NextG Communication Networkscited by 7
- 2022Confederated Learning: Federated Learning with Decentralized Edge Serverscited by 7
- 2023Flame: Simplifying Topology Extension in Federated Learningcited by 7
- 2025A Comprehensive Data-centric Overview of Federated Graph Learningcited by 7
- 2022Addressing modern and practical challenges in machine learning: A survey of online federated and transfer learningcited by 6
- 2022Accelerating Asynchronous Federated Learning Convergence via Opportunistic Mobile Relayingcited by 6
- 2023DFedADMM: Dual Constraints Controlled Model Inconsistency for Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 6
- 2021FLoBC: A Decentralized Blockchain-Based Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 5
- 2022Network Gradient Descent Algorithm for Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 5
- 2023Asymmetrically Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 5
- 2022Asynchronous Hierarchical Federated Learningcited by 4
- 2022FedER: Federated Learning through Experience Replay and Privacy-Preserving Data Synthesiscited by 4
- 2023Jamming Attacks on Decentralized Federated Learning in General Multi-Hop Wireless Networkscited by 4
- 2025Federated Learning: A Survey on Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Intelligencecited by 4
- 2025ADF-LoRA: Alternating Low-Rank Aggregation for Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuningcited by 4
- 2021Secure Multi-Party Computation based Privacy Preserving Data Analysis in Healthcare IoT Systemscited by 3
- 2021Learning, Computing, and Trustworthiness in Intelligent IoT Environments: Performance-Energy Tradeoffscited by 3
- 2022Bayesian data fusion with shared priorscited by 3
- 2023GLASU: A Communication-Efficient Algorithm for Federated Learning with Vertically Distributed Graph Datacited by 3
- 2023SureFED: Robust Federated Learning via Uncertainty-Aware Inward and Outward Inspectioncited by 3
- 2021DeceFL: A Principled Decentralized Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 2
- 2021Scatterbrained: A flexible and expandable pattern for decentralized machine learningcited by 2
50 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2026Understanding Developer Pain Points in Federated Learning: Insights from Stack Overflow and GitHub21 Jul 2026
- 2026Estimating Mixture Distributions via Stochastic Mirror Descent24 May 2026
- 2026Function-Space ADMM for Decentralized Federated Learning: A Control Theoretic Perspective10 May 2026
- 2026Shard the Gradient, Scale the Model: Serverless Federated Aggregation via Gradient Partitioning23 Apr 2026
- 2026LoDAdaC: a unified local training-based decentralized framework with adaptive gradients and compressed communication11 Apr 2026
- 2026MAcPNN: Mutual Assisted Learning on Data Streams with Temporal Dependence9 Mar 2026
- 2026Stabilizing Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning via Topology-Aware Alternating LoRA31 Jan 2026
- 2025DFedReweighting: A Unified Framework for Objective-Oriented Reweighting in Decentralized Federated Learning12 Dec 2025
- 2025ADF-LoRA: Alternating Low-Rank Aggregation for Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning23 Nov 2025
- 2025DFCA: Decentralized Federated Clustering Algorithm17 Oct 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Data-centric Overview of Federated Graph Learning22 Jul 2025
- 2025Client Clustering Meets Knowledge Sharing: Enhancing Privacy and Robustness in Personalized Peer-to-Peer Learning25 Jun 2025
38 more
- 2025Federated Learning on Stochastic Neural Networks9 Jun 2025
- 2025Sharp Gaussian approximations for Decentralized Federated Learning12 May 2025
- 2025Federated Learning: A Survey on Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Intelligence24 Apr 2025
- 2025FedSKD: Aggregation-free Model-heterogeneous Federated Learning via Multi-dimensional Similarity Knowledge Distillation for Medical Image Classification23 Mar 2025
- 2025H-FLTN: A Privacy-Preserving Hierarchical Framework for Electric Vehicle Spatio-Temporal Charge Prediction25 Feb 2025
- 2025TrustChain: A Blockchain Framework for Auditing and Verifying Aggregators in Decentralized Federated Learning23 Feb 2025
- 2024Boosting the Performance of Decentralized Federated Learning via Catalyst Acceleration9 Oct 2024
- 2024OledFL: Unleashing the Potential of Decentralized Federated Learning via Opposite Lookahead Enhancement9 Oct 2024
- 2024Smart Sampling: Helping from Friendly Neighbors for Decentralized Federated Learning5 Jul 2024
- 2024Federated Learning Optimization: A Comparative Study of Data and Model Exchange Strategies in Dynamic Networks16 Jun 2024
- 2024LIFL: A Lightweight, Event-driven Serverless Platform for Federated Learning5 May 2024
- 2024Communication-Efficient Training Workload Balancing for Decentralized Multi-Agent Learning1 May 2024
- 2024A Hierarchical Federated Learning Approach for the Internet of Things3 Mar 2024
- 2024Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey on Security and Privacy25 Jan 2024
- 2024Brave: Byzantine-Resilient and Privacy-Preserving Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning10 Jan 2024
- 2024A review on different techniques used to combat the non-IID and heterogeneous nature of data in FL1 Jan 2024
- 2023Robust Collaborative Inference with Vertically Split Data Over Dynamic Device Environments27 Dec 2023
- 2023Convergence Visualizer of Decentralized Federated Distillation with Reduced Communication Costs19 Dec 2023
- 2023Sample Complexity of Linear Regression Models for Opinion Formation in Networks4 Nov 2023
- 2023Asymmetrically Decentralized Federated Learning8 Oct 2023
- 2023DFedADMM: Dual Constraints Controlled Model Inconsistency for Decentralized Federated Learning16 Aug 2023
- 2023SureFED: Robust Federated Learning via Uncertainty-Aware Inward and Outward Inspection4 Aug 2023
- 2023Privacy-Preserving Graph Machine Learning from Data to Computation: A Survey10 Jul 2023
- 2023Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey and Perspective2 Jun 2023
- 2023Flame: Simplifying Topology Extension in Federated Learning9 May 2023
- 2023Inductive Graph Unlearning6 Apr 2023
- 2023GLASU: A Communication-Efficient Algorithm for Federated Learning with Vertically Distributed Graph Data16 Mar 2023
- 2023Papaya: Federated Learning, but Fully Decentralized10 Mar 2023
- 2023Improving the Model Consistency of Decentralized Federated Learning8 Feb 2023
- 2023A Privacy-Preserving Hybrid Federated Learning Framework for Financial Crime Detection7 Feb 2023
- 2023FedSpectral+: Spectral Clustering using Federated Learning4 Feb 2023
- 2023Backdoor Attacks in Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning23 Jan 2023
- 2023Jamming Attacks on Decentralized Federated Learning in General Multi-Hop Wireless Networks12 Jan 2023
- 2022Graph Federated Learning with Hidden Representation Sharing23 Dec 2022
- 2022Bayesian data fusion with shared priors14 Dec 2022
- 2022Resource-Constrained Decentralized Federated Learning via Personalized Event-Triggering23 Nov 2022
- 2022Over-The-Air Clustered Wireless Federated Learning7 Nov 2022
- 2022Privacy-preserving Decentralized Federated Learning over Time-varying Communication Graph1 Oct 2022
50 newest of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2023Inductive Graph Unlearningcited by 31
- 2023Inductive Graph Unlearning6 Apr 2023
- 2021Decentralized Federated Averagingcited by 114
- 2021Federated Graph Classification over Non-IID Graphscited by 114
- 2023Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey and Perspectivecited by 86
- 2021Federated Quantum Machine Learningcited by 82
- 2022DisPFL: Towards Communication-Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Decentralized Sparse Trainingcited by 74
- 2021From Distributed Machine Learning to Federated Learning: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Federated Graph Neural Networks: Overview, Techniques and Challengescited by 52
- 2021Semi-Decentralized Federated Learning with Cooperative D2D Local Model Aggregationscited by 51
- 2021Differentially Private Federated Knowledge Graphs Embeddingcited by 45
- 2023Improving the Model Consistency of Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 45
- 2021Communication Efficiency in Federated Learning: Achievements and Challengescited by 40
- 2024Decentralized Federated Learning: A Survey on Security and Privacycited by 25
12 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)
- 2026Understanding Developer Pain Points in Federated Learning: Insights from Stack Overflow and GitHub21 Jul 2026
- 2026Estimating Mixture Distributions via Stochastic Mirror Descent24 May 2026
- 2026Function-Space ADMM for Decentralized Federated Learning: A Control Theoretic Perspective10 May 2026
- 2026Shard the Gradient, Scale the Model: Serverless Federated Aggregation via Gradient Partitioning23 Apr 2026
- 2026LoDAdaC: a unified local training-based decentralized framework with adaptive gradients and compressed communication11 Apr 2026
- 2026MAcPNN: Mutual Assisted Learning on Data Streams with Temporal Dependence9 Mar 2026
- 2026Stabilizing Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning via Topology-Aware Alternating LoRA31 Jan 2026
- 2025DFedReweighting: A Unified Framework for Objective-Oriented Reweighting in Decentralized Federated Learning12 Dec 2025
- 2025ADF-LoRA: Alternating Low-Rank Aggregation for Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning23 Nov 2025
- 2025DFCA: Decentralized Federated Clustering Algorithm17 Oct 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Data-centric Overview of Federated Graph Learning22 Jul 2025
- 2025Client Clustering Meets Knowledge Sharing: Enhancing Privacy and Robustness in Personalized Peer-to-Peer Learning25 Jun 2025
12 newest of 83 All 83 (JSON)