Self-Monitoring Navigation Agent via Auxiliary Progress Estimation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task entails an agent following navigational instruction in photo-realistic unknown environments. This challenging task demands that the agent be aware of which instruction was completed, which instruction is needed next, which way to go, and its navigation progress towards the goal. In this paper, we introduce a self-monitoring agent with two complementary components: (1) visual-textual co-grounding module to locate the instruction completed in the past, the instruction required for the next action, and the next moving direction from surrounding images and (2) progress monitor to ensure the grounded instruction correctly reflects the navigation progress. We test our self-monitoring agent on a standard benchmark and analyze our proposed approach through a series of ablation studies that elucidate the contributions of the primary components. Using our proposed method, we set the new state of the art by a significant margin (8% absolute increase in success rate on the unseen test set). Code is available at https://github.com/chihyaoma/selfmonitoring-agent .
Key facts. Cited by 173 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 38; 2022: 35; 2023: 33; 2024: 30; 2025: 18; 2026: 18.
173 papers.
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- 2021How Much Can CLIP Benefit Vision-and-Language Tasks?cited by 321
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Modelscited by 274
- 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
- 2024NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 222
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigationcited by 201
- 2022Think Global, Act Local: Dual-scale Graph Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 187
- 2024Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interactioncited by 167
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 165
- 2021Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 155
- 2024SceneVerse: Scaling 3D Vision-Language Learning for Grounded Scene Understandingcited by 130
- 2021Airbert: In-domain Pretraining for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 129
- 2022Bridging the Gap Between Learning in Discrete and Continuous Environments for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 127
38 more
- 2021SOON: Scenario Oriented Object Navigation with Graph-based Explorationcited by 118
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigationcited by 117
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 116
- 2023Scaling Data Generation in Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 115
- 2019Help, Anna! Visual Navigation with Natural Multimodal Assistance via Retrospective Curiosity-Encouraging Imitation Learningcited by 100
- 2021Skill Induction and Planning with Latent Languagecited by 99
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 96
- 2021Structured Scene Memory for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 95
- 2021A Persistent Spatial Semantic Representation for High-level Natural Language Instruction Executioncited by 91
- 2022Cross-modal Map Learning for Vision and Language Navigationcited by 91
- 2021LanguageRefer: Spatial-Language Model for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 88
- 2021Language-Aligned Waypoint (LAW) Supervision for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 87
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 86
- 2024MapGPT: Map-Guided Prompting with Adaptive Path Planning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 85
- 2022EnvEdit: Environment Editing for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 83
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 82
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Modelscited by 79
- 2023PanoGen: Text-Conditioned Panoramic Environment Generation for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 77
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoningcited by 77
- 2023Bird's-Eye-View Scene Graph for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 71
- 2021Vision-Language Navigation with Random Environmental Mixupcited by 70
- 2022HOP: History-and-Order Aware Pre-training for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 69
- 2023A2Nav: Action-Aware Zero-Shot Robot Navigation by Exploiting Vision-and-Language Ability of Foundation Modelscited by 61
- 2021The Road to Know-Where: An Object-and-Room Informed Sequential BERT for Indoor Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2022A New Path: Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation with Synthetic Instructions and Imitation Learningcited by 60
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2022Target-Driven Structured Transformer Planner for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 58
- 2021Semantics for Robotic Mapping, Perception and Interaction: A Surveycited by 56
- 2021Hierarchical Task Learning from Language Instructions with Unified Transformers and Self-Monitoringcited by 53
- 2021SOAT: A Scene- and Object-Aware Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 53
- 2021RobustNav: Towards Benchmarking Robustness in Embodied Navigationcited by 52
- 2021Neighbor-view Enhanced Model for Vision and Language Navigationcited by 50
- 2022Counterfactual Cycle-Consistent Learning for Instruction Following and Generation in Vision-Language Navigationcited by 50
- 2021Scene-Intuitive Agent for Remote Embodied Visual Groundingcited by 49
- 2022Learning from Unlabeled 3D Environments for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 49
- 2024Constraint-Aware Zero-Shot Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 49
- 2021SASRA: Semantically-aware Spatio-temporal Reasoning Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 48
50 most cited of 173 All 173 (JSON)
- 2026NavHarness: Adaptive Goals for Agentic Vision-Language Navigation30 Sep 2026
- 2026AVERT-VLN: Abstention-aware Visual Error Recovery and Training for Vision-and-Language Navigation30 Sep 2026
- 2026Seek Before You Move: Evidence Seeking for Progress Grounding in Vision-Language Navigation29 Sep 2026
- 2026FINE: Future-Informed Navigation Encoding for Data-Efficient Vision-Language Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 2026ENCP: Episode-Normalized Conformal Prediction for Vision-and-Language Navigation15 Sep 2026
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026RACO: Reliability-Aware Coarse-Goal Optimization for Inspection-Oriented UAV Vision-Language Navigation24 Aug 2026
- 2026From Routes to Steps: Separating Semantic Progress from Local Execution in Vision-and-Language Navigation4 Aug 2026
- 2026A Comprehensive Survey and Systematic Real-World Evaluation of Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation9 Jul 2026
- 2026Ask When It Pays: Cost-Aware Open-Ended Interaction for Instance Goal Navigation2 Jun 2026
- 2026BAGEN: Are LLM Agents Budget-Aware?29 May 2026
- 2026Completion at the Boundary (CaB): Deployable Switching with Completion-Aware Control under Limited Calibration29 May 2026
38 more
- 2026LASAR: Towards Spatio-temporal Reasoning with Latent Cognitive Map16 May 2026
- 2026The Essence of Balance for Self-Improving Agents in Vision-and-Language Navigation21 Apr 2026
- 2026Instruction-as-State: Environment-Guided and State-Conditioned Semantic Understanding for Embodied Navigation20 Apr 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2026Global Commander and Local Operative: A Dual-Agent Framework for Scene Navigation21 Feb 2026
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025TP-MDDN: Task-Preferenced Multi-Demand-Driven Navigation with Autonomous Decision-Making21 Nov 2025
- 2025STRIDER: Navigation via Instruction-Aligned Structural Decision Space Optimization27 Oct 2025
- 2025Embodied Navigation with Auxiliary Task of Action Description Prediction21 Oct 2025
- 2025NavQ: Learning a Q-Model for Foresighted Vision-and-Language Navigation18 Oct 2025
- 2025DAgger Diffusion Navigation: DAgger Boosted Diffusion Policy for Vision-Language Navigation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Models29 Jun 2025
- 2025Weakly-supervised VLM-guided Partial Contrastive Learning for Visual Language Navigation18 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating Vision-Language Navigation Instructions Incorporated Fine-Grained Alignment Annotations10 Jun 2025
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoning2 Jun 2025
- 2025Cross from Left to Right Brain: Adaptive Text Dreamer for Vision-and-Language Navigation27 May 2025
- 2025FlightGPT: Towards Generalizable and Interpretable UAV Vision-and-Language Navigation with Vision-Language Models19 May 2025
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision3 Apr 2025
- 2025Unseen from Seen: Rewriting Observation-Instruction Using Foundation Models for Augmenting Vision-Language Navigation23 Mar 2025
- 2025HA-VLN 2.0: An Open Benchmark and Leaderboard for Human-Aware Navigation in Discrete and Continuous Environments with Dynamic Multi-Human Interactions18 Mar 2025
- 2025PanoGen++: Domain-Adapted Text-Guided Panoramic Environment Generation for Vision-and-Language Navigation13 Mar 2025
- 2025Ground-level Viewpoint Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments26 Feb 2025
- 2025Openfly: A comprehensive platform for aerial vision-language navigation25 Feb 2025
- 2024Constraint-Aware Zero-Shot Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments13 Dec 2024
- 2024SAME: Learning Generic Language-Guided Visual Navigation with State-Adaptive Mixture of Experts7 Dec 2024
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigation5 Dec 2024
- 2024Fine-Grained Alignment in Vision-and-Language Navigation through Bayesian Optimization22 Nov 2024
- 2024Guide-LLM: An Embodied LLM Agent and Text-Based Topological Map for Robotic Guidance of People with Visual Impairments28 Oct 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Energy-Based Policy18 Oct 2024
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Models17 Jul 2024
- 2024PRET: Planning with Directed Fidelity Trajectory for Vision and Language Navigation16 Jul 2024
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Models9 Jul 2024
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigation8 Jul 2024
- 2024Human-Aware Vision-and-Language Navigation: Bridging Simulation to Reality with Dynamic Human Interactions27 Jun 2024
- 2024Augmented Commonsense Knowledge for Remote Object Grounding3 Jun 2024
- 2024Correctable Landmark Discovery via Large Models for Vision-Language Navigation29 May 2024
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Generative Pretrained Transformer27 May 2024
50 newest of 173 All 173 (JSON)
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Modelscited by 274
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 96
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoningcited by 77
- 2024MC-GPT: Empowering Vision-and-Language Navigation with Memory Map and Reasoning Chainscited by 25
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoningcited by 4
- 2022One for All: One-stage Referring Expression Comprehension with Dynamic Reasoningcited by 3
- 2024Hierarchical Spatial Proximity Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 2
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026LASAR: Towards Spatio-temporal Reasoning with Latent Cognitive Mapcited by 0
- 2026LASAR: Towards Spatio-temporal Reasoning with Latent Cognitive Map16 May 2026
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Models29 Jun 2025
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoning2 Jun 2025
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Models17 Jul 2024
- 2024MC-GPT: Empowering Vision-and-Language Navigation with Memory Map and Reasoning Chains17 May 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Spatial Proximity Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigation18 Mar 2024
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoning12 Mar 2024
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Models26 May 2023
- 2022One for All: One-stage Referring Expression Comprehension with Dynamic Reasoning31 Jul 2022
- 2024Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interactioncited by 167
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2026BAGEN: Are LLM Agents Budget-Aware?cited by 12
- 2023CorNav: Autonomous Agent with Self-Corrected Planning for Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 10
- 2024Guide-LLM: An Embodied LLM Agent and Text-Based Topological Map for Robotic Guidance of People with Visual Impairmentscited by 10
- 2026Global Commander and Local Operative: A Dual-Agent Framework for Scene Navigationcited by 0
- 2026NavHarness: Adaptive Goals for Agentic Vision-Language Navigationcited by 0
- 2026NavHarness: Adaptive Goals for Agentic Vision-Language Navigation30 Sep 2026
- 2026BAGEN: Are LLM Agents Budget-Aware?29 May 2026
- 2026Global Commander and Local Operative: A Dual-Agent Framework for Scene Navigation21 Feb 2026
- 2024Guide-LLM: An Embodied LLM Agent and Text-Based Topological Map for Robotic Guidance of People with Visual Impairments28 Oct 2024
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigation8 Jul 2024
- 2024Agent AI: Surveying the Horizons of Multimodal Interaction7 Jan 2024
- 2023CorNav: Autonomous Agent with Self-Corrected Planning for Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation17 Jun 2023
- 2019Help, Anna! Visual Navigation with Natural Multimodal Assistance via Retrospective Curiosity-Encouraging Imitation Learningcited by 100
- 2022A New Path: Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation with Synthetic Instructions and Imitation Learningcited by 60
- 2022LISA: Learning Interpretable Skill Abstractions from Languagecited by 30
- 2024Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation With Offline RLcited by 5
- 2024Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation With Offline RL27 Mar 2024
- 2022A New Path: Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation with Synthetic Instructions and Imitation Learning6 Oct 2022
- 2022LISA: Learning Interpretable Skill Abstractions from Language28 Feb 2022
- 2019Help, Anna! Visual Navigation with Natural Multimodal Assistance via Retrospective Curiosity-Encouraging Imitation Learning4 Sep 2019
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigationcited by 201
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robotscited by 15
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detectioncited by 3
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Controlcited by 1
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigation5 Dec 2024
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Visioncited by 37
- 2025FlightGPT: Towards Generalizable and Interpretable UAV Vision-and-Language Navigation with Vision-Language Modelscited by 22
- 2023Prompt-based Context- and Domain-aware Pretraining for Vision and Language Navigationcited by 1
- 2025FlightGPT: Towards Generalizable and Interpretable UAV Vision-and-Language Navigation with Vision-Language Models19 May 2025
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision3 Apr 2025
- 2023Prompt-based Context- and Domain-aware Pretraining for Vision and Language Navigation7 Sep 2023
- 2021How Much Can CLIP Benefit Vision-and-Language Tasks?cited by 321
- 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
- 2024NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 222
- 2022Think Global, Act Local: Dual-scale Graph Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 187
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 165
- 2021Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 155
- 2024SceneVerse: Scaling 3D Vision-Language Learning for Grounded Scene Understandingcited by 130
- 2021Airbert: In-domain Pretraining for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 129
- 2022Bridging the Gap Between Learning in Discrete and Continuous Environments for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 127
- 2021SOON: Scenario Oriented Object Navigation with Graph-based Explorationcited by 118
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 116
12 most cited of 139 All 139 (JSON)
- 2026AVERT-VLN: Abstention-aware Visual Error Recovery and Training for Vision-and-Language Navigation30 Sep 2026
- 2026Seek Before You Move: Evidence Seeking for Progress Grounding in Vision-Language Navigation29 Sep 2026
- 2026FINE: Future-Informed Navigation Encoding for Data-Efficient Vision-Language Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 2026ENCP: Episode-Normalized Conformal Prediction for Vision-and-Language Navigation15 Sep 2026
- 2026RACO: Reliability-Aware Coarse-Goal Optimization for Inspection-Oriented UAV Vision-Language Navigation24 Aug 2026
- 2026From Routes to Steps: Separating Semantic Progress from Local Execution in Vision-and-Language Navigation4 Aug 2026
- 2026A Comprehensive Survey and Systematic Real-World Evaluation of Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation9 Jul 2026
- 2026Ask When It Pays: Cost-Aware Open-Ended Interaction for Instance Goal Navigation2 Jun 2026
- 2026Completion at the Boundary (CaB): Deployable Switching with Completion-Aware Control under Limited Calibration29 May 2026
- 2026Instruction-as-State: Environment-Guided and State-Conditioned Semantic Understanding for Embodied Navigation20 Apr 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
- 2025TP-MDDN: Task-Preferenced Multi-Demand-Driven Navigation with Autonomous Decision-Making21 Nov 2025
12 newest of 139 All 139 (JSON)