mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Single Image Reflection Separation with Perceptual Losses

arXiv 1806.05376 ↗First posted 14 Jun 2018cs.CVcited by 98

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present an approach to separating reflection from a single image. The approach uses a fully convolutional network trained end-to-end with losses that exploit low-level and high-level image information. Our loss function includes two perceptual losses: a feature loss from a visual perception network, and an adversarial loss that encodes characteristics of images in the transmission layers. We also propose a novel exclusion loss that enforces pixel-level layer separation. We create a dataset of real-world images with reflection and corresponding ground-truth transmission layers for quantitative evaluation and model training. We validate our method through comprehensive quantitative experiments and show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art reflection removal methods in PSNR, SSIM, and perceptual user study. We also extend our method to two other image enhancement tasks to demonstrate the generality of our approach.

Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 14; 2023: 18; 2024: 16; 2025: 20; 2026: 17.

98 papers.

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  1. 2022Unsupervised Night Image Enhancement: When Layer Decomposition Meets Light-Effects Suppressioncited by 73
  2. 2021Semantic Image Mattingcited by 55
  3. 2022Flare7K: A Phenomenological Nighttime Flare Removal Datasetcited by 49
  4. 2023Single Image Reflection Separation via Component Synergycited by 38
  5. 2021Robust Reflection Removal with Reflection-free Flash-only Cuescited by 34
  6. 2023Revisiting Single Image Reflection Removal In the Wildcited by 33
  7. 2021Trash or Treasure? An Interactive Dual-Stream Strategy for Single Image Reflection Separationcited by 32
  8. 2023Flare7K++: Mixing Synthetic and Real Datasets for Nighttime Flare Removal and Beyondcited by 31
  9. 2023Nighttime Smartphone Reflective Flare Removal Using Optical Center Symmetry Priorcited by 25
  10. 2024Reversible Decoupling Network for Single Image Reflection Removalcited by 22
  11. 2023Improving Lens Flare Removal with General Purpose Pipeline and Multiple Light Sources Recoverycited by 21
  12. 2021Improving Single-Image Defocus Deblurring: How Dual-Pixel Images Help Through Multi-Task Learningcited by 20
38 more
  1. 2023Looking Through the Glass: Neural Surface Reconstruction Against High Specular Reflectionscited by 19
  2. 2021Structure Destruction and Content Combination for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 18
  3. 2021Neural Image Representations for Multi-Image Fusion and Layer Separationcited by 18
  4. 2021Blind Image Decompositioncited by 18
  5. 2022Estimating Reflectance Layer from A Single Image: Integrating Reflectance Guidance and Shadow/Specular Aware Learningcited by 18
  6. 2024Layered Image Vectorization via Semantic Simplificationcited by 18
  7. 2025PolarFree: Polarization-based Reflection-free Imagingcited by 18
  8. 2022ShaDocNet: Learning Spatial-Aware Tokens in Transformer for Document Shadow Removalcited by 16
  9. 2024Language-guided Image Reflection Separationcited by 16
  10. 2024DC-Gaussian: Improving 3D Gaussian Splatting for Reflective Dash Cam Videoscited by 16
  11. 2022Robust Reflection Removal with Flash-only Cues in the Wildcited by 14
  12. 2024PromptRR: Diffusion Models as Prompt Generators for Single Image Reflection Removalcited by 14
  13. 2021A Categorized Reflection Removal Dataset with Diverse Real-world Scenescited by 12
  14. 2025Dereflection Any Image with Diffusion Priors and Diversified Datacited by 12
  15. 2021Deep Feedback Inverse Problem Solvercited by 11
  16. 2022WavEnhancer: Unifying Wavelet and Transformer for Image Enhancementcited by 11
  17. 2021U2-Former: A Nested U-shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 10
  18. 2023Image Deblurring by Exploring In-depth Properties of Transformercited by 10
  19. 2024Flash-Split: 2D Reflection Removal with Flash Cues and Latent Diffusion Separationcited by 10
  20. 2021Let's See Clearly: Contaminant Artifact Removal for Moving Camerascited by 9
  21. 2024Removing Reflections from RAW Photoscited by 9
  22. 2025LightsOut: Diffusion-based Outpainting for Enhanced Lens Flare Removalcited by 9
  23. 2022Collaborative Neural Rendering using Anime Character Sheetscited by 8
  24. 2022Large-Field Contextual Feature Learning for Glass Detectioncited by 8
  25. 2025A Lightweight Deep Exclusion Unfolding Network for Single Image Reflection Removalcited by 7
  26. 2021CelebA-Spoof Challenge 2020 on Face Anti-Spoofing: Methods and Resultscited by 6
  27. 2023MIPI 2023 Challenge on Nighttime Flare Removal: Methods and Resultscited by 6
  28. 2023Internal-External Boundary Attention Fusion for Glass Surface Segmentationcited by 6
  29. 2022Improved Multiple-Image-Based Reflection Removal Algorithm Using Deep Neural Networkscited by 5
  30. 2023Seeing the World through Your Eyescited by 5
  31. 2023From Generation to Suppression: Towards Effective Irregular Glow Removal for Nighttime Visibility Enhancementcited by 5
  32. 2025UniSER: A Foundation Model for Unified Soft Effects Removalcited by 5
  33. 2026Depth-Synergized Mamba Meets Memory Experts for All-Day Image Reflection Separationcited by 5
  34. 2022Mixed X-Ray Image Separation for Artworks with Concealed Designscited by 4
  35. 2024FIRM: Flexible Interactive Reflection reMovalcited by 4
  36. 2025Disentangle Nighttime Lens Flares: Self-supervised Generation-based Lens Flare Removalcited by 4
  37. 2025OpenRR-1k: A Scalable Dataset for Real-World Reflection Removalcited by 4
  38. 2025FlareX: A Physics-Informed Dataset for Lens Flare Removal via 2D Synthesis and 3D Renderingcited by 4

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