mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Structure Destruction and Content Combination for Face Anti-Spoofing

arXiv 2107.10628 ↗First posted 22 Jul 2021cs.CVcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

In pursuit of consolidating the face verification systems, prior face anti-spoofing studies excavate the hidden cues in original images to discriminate real persons and diverse attack types with the assistance of auxiliary supervision. However, limited by the following two inherent disturbances in their training process: 1) Complete facial structure in a single image. 2) Implicit subdomains in the whole dataset, these methods are prone to stick on memorization of the entire training dataset and show sensitivity to nonhomologous domain distribution. In this paper, we propose Structure Destruction Module and Content Combination Module to address these two imitations separately. The former mechanism destroys images into patches to construct a non-structural input, while the latter mechanism recombines patches from different subdomains or classes into a mixup construct. Based on this splitting-and-splicing operation, Local Relation Modeling Module is further proposed to model the second-order relationship between patches. We evaluate our method on extensive public datasets and promising experimental results to demonstrate the reliability of our method against state-of-the-art competitors.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jul 2021.

Builds on

17 of 32 references.

References · 17

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2020Searching Central Difference Convolutional Networks for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 173
  3. 2018Learning Deep Models for Face Anti-Spoofing: Binary or Auxiliary Supervisioncited by 167
  4. 2018Single Image Reflection Separation with Perceptual Lossescited by 98
  5. 2019Regularized Fine-grained Meta Face Anti-spoofingcited by 86
  6. 2015face anti-spoofing based on color texture analysiscited by 82
  7. 2019Deep Tree Learning for Zero-shot Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 73
  8. 2020Deep Spatial Gradient and Temporal Depth Learning for Face Anti-spoofingcited by 70
  9. 2020Face Anti-Spoofing Via Disentangled Representation Learningcited by 65
  10. 2020Face Anti-Spoofing with Human Material Perceptioncited by 62
  11. 2020On Disentangling Spoof Trace for Generic Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 62
  12. 2021Dual-Cross Central Difference Network for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 47
5 more
  1. 2021Dual Reweighting Domain Generalization for Face Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 47
  2. 2021Generalizable Representation Learning for Mixture Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 46
  3. 2020Revisiting Pixel-Wise Supervision for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 45
  4. 2019Learning Meta Model for Zero- and Few-shot Face Anti-spoofingcited by 44
  5. 2021Aurora Guard: Reliable Face Anti-Spoofing via Mobile Lighting Systemcited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 6; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

18 papers.

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  1. 2021Adaptive Normalized Representation Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 49
  2. 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 42
  3. 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
  4. 2022Adaptive Mixture of Experts Learning for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 28
  5. 2024Gradient Alignment for Cross-Domain Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 26
  6. 2021Feature Generation and Hypothesis Verification for Reliable Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 23
  7. 2021Dual Spoof Disentanglement Generation for Face Anti-spoofing with Depth Uncertainty Learningcited by 20
  8. 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 20
  9. 20213D High-Fidelity Mask Face Presentation Attack Detection Challengecited by 18
  10. 2024Towards Data-Centric Face Anti-Spoofing: Improving Cross-domain Generalization via Physics-based Data Synthesiscited by 16
  11. 2021Consistency Regularization for Deep Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 10
  12. 2025Harnessing Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 5
6 more
  1. 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
  2. 2024Hyp-OC: Hyperbolic One Class Classification for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 3
  3. 2023Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge 2023: Benchmark and Resultscited by 2
  4. 2024Modeling Spoof Noise by De-spoofing Diffusion and its Application in Face Anti-spoofingcited by 2
  5. 2023Enhancing Mobile Privacy and Security: A Face Skin Patch-Based Anti-Spoofing Approachcited by 1
  6. 2026Domain-generalizable Face Anti-Spoofing with Patch-based Multi-tasking and Artifact Pattern Conversioncited by 0