Repeatability Is Not Enough: Learning Affine Regions via Discriminability
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
A method for learning local affine-covariant regions is presented. We show that maximizing geometric repeatability does not lead to local regions, a.k.a features,that are reliably matched and this necessitates descriptor-based learning. We explore factors that influence such learning and registration: the loss function, descriptor type, geometric parametrization and the trade-off between matchability and geometric accuracy and propose a novel hard negative-constant loss function for learning of affine regions. The affine shape estimator -- AffNet -- trained with the hard negative-constant loss outperforms the state-of-the-art in bag-of-words image retrieval and wide baseline stereo. The proposed training process does not require precisely geometrically aligned patches.The source codes and trained weights are available at https://github.com/ducha-aiki/affnet
Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2017.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 12; 2023: 13; 2024: 9; 2025: 4; 2026: 9.
57 papers.
Sort:
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 960
- 2022MatchFormer: Interleaving Attention in Transformers for Feature Matchingcited by 126
- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 120
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matchingcited by 62
- 2021DOLG: Single-Stage Image Retrieval with Deep Orthogonal Fusion of Local and Global Featurescited by 54
- 2022Correlation Verification for Image Retrievalcited by 47
- 2022Iterative Deep Homography Estimationcited by 45
- 2021LocalTrans: A Multiscale Local Transformer Network for Cross-Resolution Homography Estimationcited by 28
- 2022Decoupling Makes Weakly Supervised Local Feature Bettercited by 28
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Descriptioncited by 28
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
38 more
- 2023Learning Rotation-Equivariant Features for Visual Correspondencecited by 23
- 2022SealID: Saimaa ringed seal re-identification datasetcited by 22
- 2021DFM: A Performance Baseline for Deep Feature Matchingcited by 17
- 2023Segment Anything Model is a Good Teacher for Local Feature Learningcited by 15
- 2023A Large Scale Homography Benchmarkcited by 13
- 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accuratecited by 13
- 2021ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimationcited by 12
- 2023Two-View Geometry Scoring Without Correspondencescited by 11
- 2021SIFT Matching by Context Exposedcited by 9
- 2022Self-Supervised Learning of Image Scale and Orientationcited by 9
- 2021DenseGAP: Graph-Structured Dense Correspondence Learning with Anchor Pointscited by 8
- 2023LFM-3D: Learnable Feature Matching Across Wide Baselines Using 3D Signalscited by 8
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlookcited by 7
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisitedcited by 7
- 2022Relative Pose from SIFT Featurescited by 6
- 2023Handbook on Leveraging Lines for Two-View Relative Pose Estimationcited by 6
- 2024Affine steerers for structured keypoint descriptioncited by 6
- 2021HarrisZ^+: Harris Corner Selection for Next-Gen Image Matching Pipelinescited by 5
- 2022SuperPoint features in endoscopycited by 5
- 2022NORPPA: NOvel Ringed seal re-identification by Pelage Pattern Aggregationcited by 5
- 2023Image Matching by Bare Homographycited by 5
- 2023AffineGlue: Joint Matching and Robust Estimationcited by 5
- 2024Image Matching Filtering and Refinement by Planes and Beyondcited by 5
- 2025Learning Affine Correspondences by Integrating Geometric Constraintscited by 5
- 2022Shared Coupling-bridge for Weakly Supervised Local Feature Learningcited by 4
- 2025Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Imagescited by 4
- 2021Digging Into Self-Supervised Learning of Feature Descriptorscited by 3
- 2022OpenGlue: Open Source Graph Neural Net Based Pipeline for Image Matchingcited by 3
- 2023A2B: Anchor to Barycentric Coordinate for Robust Correspondencecited by 3
- 2024Relational Representation Learning Network for Cross-Spectral Image Patch Matchingcited by 2
- 2024Towards RGB-NIR Cross-modality Image Registration and Beyondcited by 2
- 2024Scale-Free Image Keypoints Using Differentiable Persistent Homologycited by 2
- 2021Deep Learning Based Image Retrieval in the JPEG Compressed Domaincited by 1
- 2023Combining feature aggregation and geometric similarity for re-identification of patterned animalscited by 1
- 2021A Matching Algorithm based on Image Attribute Transfer and Local Features for Underwater Acoustic and Optical Imagescited by 0
- 2024ConDL: Detector-Free Dense Image Matchingcited by 0
- 2025Not All Pixels Are Equal: Confidence-Guided Attention for Feature Matchingcited by 0
- 2026Coarse-to-Fine Non-rigid Multi-modal Image Registration for Historical Panel Paintings based on Crack Structurescited by 0
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026RoMa-Omega: What Feed-Forward 3D Models Know About Image Matching8 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossFeat: Bridging Imaging Modalities in Feature Descriptor Space31 Aug 2026
- 2026SSMB: Self-Supervised Local Feature Detection under Motion Blur27 Aug 2026
- 2026Gravity-aware partially calibrated absolute pose estimation from affine- or rotation-covariant features20 Aug 2026
- 2026LoRetta: A Foundation Model and Extensive Dataset for Global-Scale Remote Sensing Dense Image Matching4 Aug 2026
- 2026Rolling Shutter Relative Pose Estimation Made Practical25 Jun 2026
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisited6 Apr 2026
- 2026IUP-Pose: Decoupled Iterative Uncertainty Propagation for Real-time Relative Pose Regression via Implicit Dense Alignment v120 Mar 2026
- 2026Coarse-to-Fine Non-rigid Multi-modal Image Registration for Historical Panel Paintings based on Crack Structures22 Jan 2026
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Not All Pixels Are Equal: Confidence-Guided Attention for Feature Matching4 May 2025
- 2025Learning Affine Correspondences by Integrating Geometric Constraints7 Apr 2025
38 more
- 2025Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Images11 Mar 2025
- 2024Image Matching Filtering and Refinement by Planes and Beyond14 Nov 2024
- 2024Affine steerers for structured keypoint description26 Aug 2024
- 2024ConDL: Detector-Free Dense Image Matching5 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accurate16 Jul 2024
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3R14 Jun 2024
- 2024Scale-Free Image Keypoints Using Differentiable Persistent Homology3 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards RGB-NIR Cross-modality Image Registration and Beyond30 May 2024
- 2024Relational Representation Learning Network for Cross-Spectral Image Patch Matching18 Mar 2024
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Survey31 Jan 2024
- 2023Segment Anything Model is a Good Teacher for Local Feature Learning29 Sep 2023
- 2023Handbook on Leveraging Lines for Two-View Relative Pose Estimation27 Sep 2023
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matching16 Aug 2023
- 2023Combining feature aggregation and geometric similarity for re-identification of patterned animals11 Aug 2023
- 2023AffineGlue: Joint Matching and Robust Estimation28 Jul 2023
- 2023A2B: Anchor to Barycentric Coordinate for Robust Correspondence5 Jun 2023
- 2023Two-View Geometry Scoring Without Correspondences2 Jun 2023
- 2023Image Matching by Bare Homography15 May 2023
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Description28 Apr 2023
- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformation7 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning Rotation-Equivariant Features for Visual Correspondence25 Mar 2023
- 2023LFM-3D: Learnable Feature Matching Across Wide Baselines Using 3D Signals22 Mar 2023
- 2023A Large Scale Homography Benchmark20 Feb 2023
- 2022Shared Coupling-bridge for Weakly Supervised Local Feature Learning14 Dec 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Learning of Image Scale and Orientation15 Jun 2022
- 2022NORPPA: NOvel Ringed seal re-identification by Pelage Pattern Aggregation6 Jun 2022
- 2022SealID: Saimaa ringed seal re-identification dataset5 Jun 2022
- 2022OpenGlue: Open Source Graph Neural Net Based Pipeline for Image Matching19 Apr 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detection19 Apr 2022
- 2022Correlation Verification for Image Retrieval4 Apr 2022
- 2022Iterative Deep Homography Estimation30 Mar 2022
- 2022MatchFormer: Interleaving Attention in Transformers for Feature Matching17 Mar 2022
- 2022Relative Pose from SIFT Features15 Mar 2022
- 2022SuperPoint features in endoscopy8 Mar 2022
- 2022Decoupling Makes Weakly Supervised Local Feature Better8 Jan 2022
- 2021DenseGAP: Graph-Structured Dense Correspondence Learning with Anchor Points13 Dec 2021
- 2021ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimation9 Dec 2021
- 2021Digging Into Self-Supervised Learning of Feature Descriptors10 Oct 2021
50 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 960
- 2022MatchFormer: Interleaving Attention in Transformers for Feature Matchingcited by 126
- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 120
- 2023DeDoDe: Detect, Don't Describe -- Describe, Don't Detect for Local Feature Matchingcited by 62
- 2021DOLG: Single-Stage Image Retrieval with Deep Orthogonal Fusion of Local and Global Featurescited by 54
- 2022Correlation Verification for Image Retrievalcited by 47
- 2022Iterative Deep Homography Estimationcited by 45
- 2021LocalTrans: A Multiscale Local Transformer Network for Cross-Resolution Homography Estimationcited by 28
- 2022Decoupling Makes Weakly Supervised Local Feature Bettercited by 28
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Descriptioncited by 28
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026RoMa-Omega: What Feed-Forward 3D Models Know About Image Matching8 Sep 2026
- 2026CrossFeat: Bridging Imaging Modalities in Feature Descriptor Space31 Aug 2026
- 2026SSMB: Self-Supervised Local Feature Detection under Motion Blur27 Aug 2026
- 2026Gravity-aware partially calibrated absolute pose estimation from affine- or rotation-covariant features20 Aug 2026
- 2026LoRetta: A Foundation Model and Extensive Dataset for Global-Scale Remote Sensing Dense Image Matching4 Aug 2026
- 2026Rolling Shutter Relative Pose Estimation Made Practical25 Jun 2026
- 2026LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisited6 Apr 2026
- 2026IUP-Pose: Decoupled Iterative Uncertainty Propagation for Real-time Relative Pose Regression via Implicit Dense Alignment v120 Mar 2026
- 2026Coarse-to-Fine Non-rigid Multi-modal Image Registration for Historical Panel Paintings based on Crack Structures22 Jan 2026
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Not All Pixels Are Equal: Confidence-Guided Attention for Feature Matching4 May 2025
- 2025Learning Affine Correspondences by Integrating Geometric Constraints7 Apr 2025
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)