End-to-end Neural Coreference Resolution
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce the first end-to-end coreference resolution model and show that it significantly outperforms all previous work without using a syntactic parser or hand-engineered mention detector. The key idea is to directly consider all spans in a document as potential mentions and learn distributions over possible antecedents for each. The model computes span embeddings that combine context-dependent boundary representations with a head-finding attention mechanism. It is trained to maximize the marginal likelihood of gold antecedent spans from coreference clusters and is factored to enable aggressive pruning of potential mentions. Experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, with a gain of 1.5 F1 on the OntoNotes benchmark and by 3.1 F1 using a 5-model ensemble, despite the fact that this is the first approach to be successfully trained with no external resources.
Key facts. Cited by 240 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 77; 2022: 56; 2023: 34; 2024: 27; 2025: 25; 2026: 21.
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- 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,222
- 2022Prompting GPT-3 To Be Reliablecited by 258
- 2022Unified Structure Generation for Universal Information Extractioncited by 220
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- 2021Structured Prediction as Translation between Augmented Natural Languagescited by 183
- 2022The Text Anonymization Benchmark (TAB): A Dedicated Corpus and Evaluation Framework for Text Anonymizationcited by 94
- 2021Multi-Modal Answer Validation for Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 78
- 2024Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 77
- 2021Learning Span-Level Interactions for Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extractioncited by 60
- 2021Stereotype and Skew: Quantifying Gender Bias in Pre-trained and Fine-tuned Language Modelscited by 57
- 2023VisoGender: A dataset for benchmarking gender bias in image-text pronoun resolutioncited by 52
- 2024CoSafe: Evaluating Large Language Model Safety in Multi-Turn Dialogue Coreferencecited by 51
38 more
- 2021Packed Levitated Marker for Entity and Relation Extractioncited by 49
- 2021Coreference Resolution without Span Representationscited by 45
- 2022Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extractioncited by 44
- 2023Entity Tracking in Language Modelscited by 44
- 2022Autoregressive Structured Prediction with Language Modelscited by 43
- 2021Word-Level Coreference Resolutioncited by 40
- 2021EntQA: Entity Linking as Question Answeringcited by 34
- 2022Coreference Resolution through a seq2seq Transition-Based Systemcited by 34
- 2021An End-to-end Model for Entity-level Relation Extraction using Multi-instance Learningcited by 31
- 2021Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewritingcited by 30
- 2022Learning to Model Editing Processescited by 30
- 2021Cross-document Coreference Resolution over Predicted Mentionscited by 29
- 2022LingMess: Linguistically Informed Multi Expert Scorers for Coreference Resolutioncited by 26
- 2024Can Large Language Models Understand Context?cited by 26
- 2021Dictionary-based Debiasing of Pre-trained Word Embeddingscited by 24
- 2021On Generalization in Coreference Resolutioncited by 24
- 2021LOME: Large Ontology Multilingual Extractioncited by 23
- 2021WEC: Deriving a Large-scale Cross-document Event Coreference dataset from Wikipediacited by 23
- 2022F-coref: Fast, Accurate and Easy to Use Coreference Resolutioncited by 23
- 2021End-to-End NLP Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 21
- 2021Weakly Supervised Named Entity Tagging with Learnable Logical Rulescited by 21
- 2021Joint Biomedical Entity and Relation Extraction with Knowledge-Enhanced Collective Inferencecited by 19
- 2024Maverick: Efficient and Accurate Coreference Resolution Defying Recent Trendscited by 19
- 2021Moving on from OntoNotes: Coreference Resolution Model Transfercited by 18
- 2021OntoGUM: Evaluating Contextualized SOTA Coreference Resolution on 12 More Genrescited by 18
- 2021CDLM: Cross-Document Language Modelingcited by 17
- 2023Transformers in Healthcare: A Surveycited by 17
- 2021Who's Waldo? Linking People Across Text and Imagescited by 16
- 2021Focus on what matters: Applying Discourse Coherence Theory to Cross Document Coreferencecited by 16
- 2021SGEITL: Scene Graph Enhanced Image-Text Learning for Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 16
- 2024Bridging Context Gaps: Leveraging Coreference Resolution for Long Contextual Understandingcited by 16
- 2021Realistic Evaluation Principles for Cross-document Coreference Resolutioncited by 15
- 2023Are Large Language Models Robust Coreference Resolvers?cited by 15
- 2021SciCo: Hierarchical Cross-Document Coreference for Scientific Conceptscited by 14
- 2021Unsupervised Enrichment of Persona-grounded Dialog with Background Storiescited by 14
- 2021Video Question Answering with Phrases via Semantic Rolescited by 13
- 2021CREAD: Combined Resolution of Ellipses and Anaphora in Dialoguescited by 13
- 2021Multilingual Coreference Resolution with Harmonized Annotationscited by 13
50 most cited of 240 All 240 (JSON)
- 2026Structured Claim-Level Discourse Representations for Dense Health Narratives16 Sep 2026
- 2026A Circuit for Plural Reference: How LLMs Represent and Retrieve Singular and Plural Entities3 Sep 2026
- 2026Relevant but Incomplete: Referential Dangling as a Paradigm-Level Failure Mode in Hard Prompt Compression5 Aug 2026
- 2026Fast and Accurate Quotation Attribution in Literary Texts3 Aug 2026
- 2026Binding Drift in Multi-Step Tool-Augmented Agents17 Jul 2026
- 2026SpanUQ: Span-Level Uncertainty Quantification for Large Language Model Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026UCSC NLP at SemEval-2026 Task 10: Boundary-Aware Span Extraction and RoBERTa Classification for Conspiracy Detection6 Jul 2026
- 2026Are LLMs Ready to Assist Physicians? PhysAssistBench for Interactive Doctor-Patient-EHR Assistance17 Jun 2026
- 2026Plug-and-Adapt: Multimodal Coreference Resolution at First Sight with a Pretrained Alignment Model16 Jun 2026
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processing6 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual Coreference Resolution via Cycle-Consistent Machine Translation3 Jun 2026
- 2026CorPipe at CRAC 2026: Empty Nodes and Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Coreference Resolution28 May 2026
38 more
- 2026Structured-Sparse Attention for Entity Tracking with Subquadratic Sequence Complexity21 May 2026
- 2026Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities20 May 2026
- 2026Closing the Gap at CRAC 2026: Two-Stage Adaptation for LLM-Based Multilingual Coreference Resolution16 May 2026
- 2026IRC-Bench: Recognizing Entities from Contextual Cues in First-Person Reminiscences7 May 2026
- 2026Reasoning over Object Descriptions Improves Coreference Resolution in Task-Based Dialogue Systems30 Apr 2026
- 2026ReCap: Lightweight Referential Grounding for Coherent Story Visualization20 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Word Boundaries: A Hebrew Coreference Benchmark and an Evaluation Protocol for Morphologically Complex Text18 Apr 2026
- 2026Do Lexical and Contextual Coreference Resolution Systems Degrade Differently under Mention Noise? An Empirical Study on Scientific Software Mentions2 Apr 2026
- 2026NRR-Phi: A Typed External Text-to-State Interface and Update Contract for Inspectable Ambiguity-State Maintenance12 Jan 2026
- 2025SEAL: Self-Evolving Agentic Learning for Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs4 Dec 2025
- 2025BioCoref: Benchmarking Biomedical Coreference Resolution with LLMs29 Oct 2025
- 2025ToMMeR -- Efficient Entity Mention Detection from Large Language Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025The Elephant in the Coreference Room: Resolving Coreference in Full-Length French Fiction Works17 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Seq2seq Coreference Resolution Using Entity Representations16 Oct 2025
- 2025Can LLMs Detect Ambiguous Plural Reference? An Analysis of Split-Antecedent and Mereological Reference6 Oct 2025
- 2025Mah=an=ama: A Unique Testbed for Literary Entity Discovery and Linking24 Sep 2025
- 2025CorPipe at CRAC 2025: Evaluating Multilingual Encoders for Multilingual Coreference Resolution22 Sep 2025
- 2025Findings of the Fourth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Can LLMs Dethrone Traditional Approaches?22 Sep 2025
- 2025CorefInst: Leveraging LLMs for Multilingual Coreference Resolution22 Sep 2025
- 2025Improving LLMs' Learning for Coreference Resolution14 Sep 2025
- 2025Semantic Anchoring in Agentic Memory: Leveraging Linguistic Structures for Persistent Conversational Context18 Aug 2025
- 2025Link Prediction for Event Logs in the Process Industry12 Aug 2025
- 2025CLAP: Coreference-Linked Augmentation for Passage Retrieval9 Aug 2025
- 2025A Few Words Can Distort Graphs: Knowledge Poisoning Attacks on Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Models6 Aug 2025
- 2025From Ambiguity to Accuracy: The Transformative Effect of Coreference Resolution on Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems10 Jul 2025
- 2025EMERGE: A Benchmark for Updating Knowledge Graphs with Emerging Textual Knowledge4 Jul 2025
- 2025Is Your Model Fairly Certain? Uncertainty-Aware Fairness Evaluation for LLMs29 May 2025
- 2025Coreference Resolution for Vietnamese Narrative Texts28 Apr 2025
- 2025A Unified Retrieval Framework with Document Ranking and EDU Filtering for Multi-document Summarization23 Apr 2025
- 2025Multimodal Coreference Resolution for Chinese Social Media Dialogues: Dataset and Benchmark Approach19 Apr 2025
- 2025RAKG:Document-level Retrieval Augmented Knowledge Graph Construction14 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Generating Automatic Anaphora Annotations12 Mar 2025
- 2025Holistic Audit Dataset Generation for LLM Unlearning via Knowledge Graph Traversal and Redundancy Removal26 Feb 2025
- 2025Reverse Probing: Evaluating Knowledge Transfer via Finetuned Task Embeddings for Coreference Resolution31 Jan 2025
- 2024Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigation16 Nov 2024
- 2024Any Other Thoughts, Hedgehog? Linking Deliberation Chains in Collaborative Dialogues25 Oct 2024
- 2024Findings of the Third Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution21 Oct 2024
- 2024DynamicER: Resolving Emerging Mentions to Dynamic Entities for RAG15 Oct 2024
50 newest of 240 All 240 (JSON)
- 2022Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extractioncited by 44
- 2025RAKG:Document-level Retrieval Augmented Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 4
- 2025SEAL: Self-Evolving Agentic Learning for Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphscited by 1
- 2026Reasoning over Object Descriptions Improves Coreference Resolution in Task-Based Dialogue Systemscited by 0
- 2026Reasoning over Object Descriptions Improves Coreference Resolution in Task-Based Dialogue Systems30 Apr 2026
- 2025SEAL: Self-Evolving Agentic Learning for Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs4 Dec 2025
- 2025RAKG:Document-level Retrieval Augmented Knowledge Graph Construction14 Apr 2025
- 2022Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extraction19 Mar 2022
- 2024DynamicER: Resolving Emerging Mentions to Dynamic Entities for RAGcited by 4
- 2025A Few Words Can Distort Graphs: Knowledge Poisoning Attacks on Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Link Prediction for Event Logs in the Process Industrycited by 1
- 2025From Ambiguity to Accuracy: The Transformative Effect of Coreference Resolution on Retrieval-Augmented Generation systemscited by 0
- 2025Link Prediction for Event Logs in the Process Industry12 Aug 2025
- 2025A Few Words Can Distort Graphs: Knowledge Poisoning Attacks on Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Models6 Aug 2025
- 2025From Ambiguity to Accuracy: The Transformative Effect of Coreference Resolution on Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems10 Jul 2025
- 2024DynamicER: Resolving Emerging Mentions to Dynamic Entities for RAG15 Oct 2024
- 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,222
- 2022Prompting GPT-3 To Be Reliablecited by 258
- 2022Unified Structure Generation for Universal Information Extractioncited by 220
- 2022Large Language Models are Few-Shot Clinical Information Extractorscited by 206
- 2021Structured Prediction as Translation between Augmented Natural Languagescited by 183
- 2022The Text Anonymization Benchmark (TAB): A Dedicated Corpus and Evaluation Framework for Text Anonymizationcited by 94
- 2021Multi-Modal Answer Validation for Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 78
- 2024Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 77
- 2021Learning Span-Level Interactions for Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extractioncited by 60
- 2021Stereotype and Skew: Quantifying Gender Bias in Pre-trained and Fine-tuned Language Modelscited by 57
- 2021Packed Levitated Marker for Entity and Relation Extractioncited by 49
- 2021Coreference Resolution without Span Representationscited by 45
12 most cited of 226 All 226 (JSON)
- 2026Structured Claim-Level Discourse Representations for Dense Health Narratives16 Sep 2026
- 2026A Circuit for Plural Reference: How LLMs Represent and Retrieve Singular and Plural Entities3 Sep 2026
- 2026Fast and Accurate Quotation Attribution in Literary Texts3 Aug 2026
- 2026SpanUQ: Span-Level Uncertainty Quantification for Large Language Model Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026UCSC NLP at SemEval-2026 Task 10: Boundary-Aware Span Extraction and RoBERTa Classification for Conspiracy Detection6 Jul 2026
- 2026Are LLMs Ready to Assist Physicians? PhysAssistBench for Interactive Doctor-Patient-EHR Assistance17 Jun 2026
- 2026Plug-and-Adapt: Multimodal Coreference Resolution at First Sight with a Pretrained Alignment Model16 Jun 2026
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processing6 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual Coreference Resolution via Cycle-Consistent Machine Translation3 Jun 2026
- 2026CorPipe at CRAC 2026: Empty Nodes and Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Coreference Resolution28 May 2026
- 2026Structured-Sparse Attention for Entity Tracking with Subquadratic Sequence Complexity21 May 2026
- 2026Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities20 May 2026
12 newest of 226 All 226 (JSON)