Crowdsourcing in Computer Vision
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Abstract (arXiv)
Computer vision systems require large amounts of manually annotated data to properly learn challenging visual concepts. Crowdsourcing platforms offer an inexpensive method to capture human knowledge and understanding, for a vast number of visual perception tasks. In this survey, we describe the types of annotations computer vision researchers have collected using crowdsourcing, and how they have ensured that this data is of high quality while annotation effort is minimized. We begin by discussing data collection on both classic (e.g., object recognition) and recent (e.g., visual story-telling) vision tasks. We then summarize key design decisions for creating effective data collection interfaces and workflows, and present strategies for intelligently selecting the most important data instances to annotate. Finally, we conclude with some thoughts on the future of crowdsourcing in computer vision.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 8; 2023: 7; 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
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- 2021NuCLS: A scalable crowdsourcing, deep learning approach and dataset for nucleus classification, localization and segmentationcited by 33
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysiscited by 32
- 2022A Survey on Deep Learning for Skin Lesion Segmentationcited by 22
- 2022From colouring-in to pointillism: revisiting semantic segmentation supervisioncited by 22
- 2024Conformalized Credal Set Predictorscited by 21
- 2023Streaming Active Learning with Deep Neural Networkscited by 20
- 2021Towards Good Practices for Efficiently Annotating Large-Scale Image Classification Datasetscited by 17
- 2024Decoupling the Class Label and the Target Concept in Machine Unlearningcited by 12
- 2022Knowledge Learning with Crowdsourcing: A Brief Review and Systematic Perspectivecited by 11
- 2022Towards Better User Studies in Computer Graphics and Visioncited by 11
- 2021Active Learning for Improved Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in Satellite Imagescited by 9
- 2023Evaluating AI systems under uncertain ground truth: a case study in dermatologycited by 7
19 more
- 2022ALBench: A Framework for Evaluating Active Learning in Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2023Augmenting Chest X-ray Datasets with Non-Expert Annotationscited by 6
- 2021MEAL: Manifold Embedding-based Active Learningcited by 5
- 2021In Search of Ambiguity: A Three-Stage Workflow Design to Clarify Annotation Guidelines for Crowd Workerscited by 5
- 2022Improved Adaptive Algorithm for Scalable Active Learning with Weak Labelercited by 4
- 2023Combating Exacerbated Heterogeneity for Robust Models in Federated Learningcited by 4
- 2025Active Measurement: Efficient Estimation at Scalecited by 4
- 2021EventAnchor: Reducing Human Interactions in Event Annotation of Racket Sports Videoscited by 3
- 2025Optimal Conformal Prediction under Epistemic Uncertaintycited by 3
- 2023Multiview Representation Learning from Crowdsourced Triplet Comparisonscited by 2
- 2025A Generalizable Light Transport 3D Embedding for Global Illuminationcited by 2
- 2026Incentive-Tuning: Understanding and Designing Incentives for Empirical Human-AI Decision-Making Studiescited by 2
- 2021Semiotically-grounded distant viewing of diagrams: insights from two multimodal corporacited by 1
- 2022Resolving the Human Subjects Status of Machine Learning's Crowdworkerscited by 1
- 2023Manifold Path Guiding for Importance Sampling Specular Chainscited by 1
- 2022Fine-Grained Counting with Crowd-Sourced Supervisioncited by 0
- 2024Design and Evaluation of Camera-Centric Mobile Crowdsourcing Applicationscited by 0
- 2025From Label Error Detection to Correction: A Modular Framework and Benchmark for Object Detection Datasetscited by 0
- 2025Agile Deliberation: Concept Deliberation for Subjective Visual Classificationcited by 0
- 2026Incentive-Tuning: Understanding and Designing Incentives for Empirical Human-AI Decision-Making Studies21 Jan 2026
- 2025Agile Deliberation: Concept Deliberation for Subjective Visual Classification11 Dec 2025
- 2025A Generalizable Light Transport 3D Embedding for Global Illumination21 Oct 2025
- 2025From Label Error Detection to Correction: A Modular Framework and Benchmark for Object Detection Datasets6 Aug 2025
- 2025Active Measurement: Efficient Estimation at Scale2 Jul 2025
- 2025Optimal Conformal Prediction under Epistemic Uncertainty25 May 2025
- 2024Design and Evaluation of Camera-Centric Mobile Crowdsourcing Applications4 Sep 2024
- 2024Decoupling the Class Label and the Target Concept in Machine Unlearning12 Jun 2024
- 2024Conformalized Credal Set Predictors16 Feb 2024
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysis22 Oct 2023
- 2023Manifold Path Guiding for Importance Sampling Specular Chains24 Sep 2023
- 2023Augmenting Chest X-ray Datasets with Non-Expert Annotations5 Sep 2023
19 more
- 2023Evaluating AI systems under uncertain ground truth: a case study in dermatology5 Jul 2023
- 2023Streaming Active Learning with Deep Neural Networks5 Mar 2023
- 2023Combating Exacerbated Heterogeneity for Robust Models in Federated Learning1 Mar 2023
- 2023Multiview Representation Learning from Crowdsourced Triplet Comparisons8 Feb 2023
- 2022Improved Adaptive Algorithm for Scalable Active Learning with Weak Labeler4 Nov 2022
- 2022From colouring-in to pointillism: revisiting semantic segmentation supervision25 Oct 2022
- 2022ALBench: A Framework for Evaluating Active Learning in Object Detection27 Jul 2022
- 2022Towards Better User Studies in Computer Graphics and Vision23 Jun 2022
- 2022Knowledge Learning with Crowdsourcing: A Brief Review and Systematic Perspective19 Jun 2022
- 2022Resolving the Human Subjects Status of Machine Learning's Crowdworkers8 Jun 2022
- 2022A Survey on Deep Learning for Skin Lesion Segmentation1 Jun 2022
- 2022Fine-Grained Counting with Crowd-Sourced Supervision23 May 2022
- 2021In Search of Ambiguity: A Three-Stage Workflow Design to Clarify Annotation Guidelines for Crowd Workers4 Dec 2021
- 2021Active Learning for Improved Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in Satellite Images15 Oct 2021
- 2021MEAL: Manifold Embedding-based Active Learning22 Jun 2021
- 2021Towards Good Practices for Efficiently Annotating Large-Scale Image Classification Datasets26 Apr 2021
- 2021Semiotically-grounded distant viewing of diagrams: insights from two multimodal corpora8 Mar 2021
- 2021NuCLS: A scalable crowdsourcing, deep learning approach and dataset for nucleus classification, localization and segmentation18 Feb 2021
- 2021EventAnchor: Reducing Human Interactions in Event Annotation of Racket Sports Videos13 Jan 2021
- 2021NuCLS: A scalable crowdsourcing, deep learning approach and dataset for nucleus classification, localization and segmentationcited by 33
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysiscited by 32
- 2022A Survey on Deep Learning for Skin Lesion Segmentationcited by 22
- 2022From colouring-in to pointillism: revisiting semantic segmentation supervisioncited by 22
- 2024Conformalized Credal Set Predictorscited by 21
- 2023Streaming Active Learning with Deep Neural Networkscited by 20
- 2021Towards Good Practices for Efficiently Annotating Large-Scale Image Classification Datasetscited by 17
- 2022Knowledge Learning with Crowdsourcing: A Brief Review and Systematic Perspectivecited by 11
- 2022Towards Better User Studies in Computer Graphics and Visioncited by 11
- 2021Active Learning for Improved Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in Satellite Imagescited by 9
- 2023Evaluating AI systems under uncertain ground truth: a case study in dermatologycited by 7
- 2022ALBench: A Framework for Evaluating Active Learning in Object Detectioncited by 6
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026Incentive-Tuning: Understanding and Designing Incentives for Empirical Human-AI Decision-Making Studies21 Jan 2026
- 2025Agile Deliberation: Concept Deliberation for Subjective Visual Classification11 Dec 2025
- 2025A Generalizable Light Transport 3D Embedding for Global Illumination21 Oct 2025
- 2025From Label Error Detection to Correction: A Modular Framework and Benchmark for Object Detection Datasets6 Aug 2025
- 2025Active Measurement: Efficient Estimation at Scale2 Jul 2025
- 2025Optimal Conformal Prediction under Epistemic Uncertainty25 May 2025
- 2024Design and Evaluation of Camera-Centric Mobile Crowdsourcing Applications4 Sep 2024
- 2024Conformalized Credal Set Predictors16 Feb 2024
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysis22 Oct 2023
- 2023Manifold Path Guiding for Importance Sampling Specular Chains24 Sep 2023
- 2023Augmenting Chest X-ray Datasets with Non-Expert Annotations5 Sep 2023
- 2023Evaluating AI systems under uncertain ground truth: a case study in dermatology5 Jul 2023
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)