mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Index

arXiv 1308.3052 ↗First posted 14 Aug 2013cs.CVcited by 195

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Abstract (arXiv)

It is an important task to faithfully evaluate the perceptual quality of output images in many applications such as image compression, image restoration and multimedia streaming. A good image quality assessment (IQA) model should not only deliver high quality prediction accuracy but also be computationally efficient. The efficiency of IQA metrics is becoming particularly important due to the increasing proliferation of high-volume visual data in high-speed networks. We present a new effective and efficient IQA model, called gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD). The image gradients are sensitive to image distortions, while different local structures in a distorted image suffer different degrees of degradations. This motivates us to explore the use of global variation of gradient based local quality map for overall image quality prediction. We find that the pixel-wise gradient magnitude similarity (GMS) between the reference and distorted images combined with a novel pooling strategy the standard deviation of the GMS map can predict accurately perceptual image quality. The resulting GMSD algorithm is much faster than most state-of-the-art IQA methods, and delivers highly competitive prediction accuracy.

Key facts. Cited by 195 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Aug 2013.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 21; 2022: 50; 2023: 19; 2024: 36; 2025: 33; 2026: 36.

195 papers.

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  1. 2022Exploring CLIP for Assessing the Look and Feel of Imagescited by 991
  2. 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 226
  3. 2022Lossy Image Compression with Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 170
  4. 2023Raising the Cost of Malicious AI-Powered Image Editingcited by 163
  5. 2021RAPIQUE: Rapid and Accurate Video Quality Prediction of User Generated Contentcited by 100
  6. 2021Inpainting Transformer for Anomaly Detectioncited by 91
  7. 2022Attentions Help CNNs See Better: Attention-based Hybrid Image Quality Assessment Networkcited by 57
  8. 2021Perceptual Image Quality Assessment with Transformerscited by 54
  9. 2022Self-Supervised Masking for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 43
  10. 2022Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Imagescited by 34
  11. 2022PyTorch Image Quality: Metrics for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 34
  12. 2021Locally Adaptive Structure and Texture Similarity for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 32
38 more
  1. 2022Confusing Image Quality Assessment: Towards Better Augmented Reality Experiencecited by 32
  2. 2023Advancing Zero-Shot Digital Human Quality Assessment through Text-Prompted Evaluationcited by 27
  3. 2023DiffGuard: Semantic Mismatch-Guided Out-of-Distribution Detection using Pre-trained Diffusion Modelscited by 26
  4. 2022Quality Assessment of Image Super-Resolution: Balancing Deterministic and Statistical Fidelitycited by 24
  5. 2021ChipQA: No-Reference Video Quality Prediction via Space-Time Chipscited by 22
  6. 2022Hitchhiker's Guide to Super-Resolution: Introduction and Recent Advancescited by 22
  7. 2021Quantifying Visual Image Quality: A Bayesian Viewcited by 20
  8. 2022DeepWSD: Projecting Degradations in Perceptual Space to Wasserstein Distance in Deep Feature Spacecited by 20
  9. 2022Reconstruction from edge image combined with color and gradient difference for industrial surface anomaly detectioncited by 18
  10. 2022A Feature Memory Rearrangement Network for Visual Inspection of Textured Surface Defects Toward Edge Intelligent Manufacturingcited by 16
  11. 2021Image Super-Resolution Quality Assessment: Structural Fidelity Versus Statistical Naturalnesscited by 15
  12. 2024Data Readiness for AI: A 360-Degree Surveycited by 15
  13. 2024Video Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
  14. 2021Region-Adaptive Deformable Network for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 14
  15. 2022Structural Knowledge Distillation for Object Detectioncited by 14
  16. 2023Perceptual Quality Assessment of Face Video Compression: A Benchmark and An Effective Methodcited by 14
  17. 2022Perceptual Quality Assessment for Digital Human Headscited by 13
  18. 2023Improving Few-Shot Generalization by Exploring and Exploiting Auxiliary Datacited by 13
  19. 2024Correcting Diffusion-Based Perceptual Image Compression with Privileged End-to-End Decodercited by 13
  20. 2023You Only Train Once: Learning a General Anomaly Enhancement Network with Random Masks for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detectioncited by 12
  21. 2023Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Audio-visual Signalscited by 12
  22. 2025Perceptual-GS: Scene-adaptive Perceptual Densification for Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
  23. 2022DeepDC: Deep Distance Correlation as a Perceptual Image Quality Evaluatorcited by 11
  24. 2023Learning Generalizable Perceptual Representations for Data-Efficient No-Reference Image Quality Assessmentcited by 11
  25. 2024DenoMamba: A fused state-space model for low-dose CT denoisingcited by 11
  26. 2021Sharp-GAN: Sharpness Loss Regularized GAN for Histopathology Image Synthesiscited by 10
  27. 2022DSSIM: a structural similarity index for floating-point datacited by 10
  28. 2024A study on the adequacy of common IQA measures for medical imagescited by 10
  29. 2024MMDRFuse: Distilled Mini-Model with Dynamic Refresh for Multi-Modality Image Fusioncited by 10
  30. 2024NeRF-NQA: No-Reference Quality Assessment for Scenes Generated by NeRF and Neural View Synthesis Methodscited by 10
  31. 2025MRI super-resolution reconstruction using efficient diffusion probabilistic model with residual shiftingcited by 10
  32. 2022A No-Reference Deep Learning Quality Assessment Method for Super-resolution Images Based on Frequency Mapscited by 8
  33. 2024AdaDiffSR: Adaptive Region-aware Dynamic Acceleration Diffusion Model for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 8
  34. 2022BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  35. 2023Zone Evaluation: Revealing Spatial Bias in Object Detectioncited by 7
  36. 2025HarmonyIQA: Pioneering Benchmark and Model for Image Harmonization Quality Assessmentcited by 7
  37. 2022Quality Evaluation of Arbitrary Style Transfer: Subjective Study and Objective Metriccited by 6
  38. 2022REQA: Coarse-to-fine Assessment of Image Quality to Alleviate the Range Effectcited by 6

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