mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Perceptual Image Quality Assessment with Transformers

arXiv 2104.14730 ↗First posted 30 Apr 2021cs.CV eess.IVcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose an image quality transformer (IQT) that successfully applies a transformer architecture to a perceptual full-reference image quality assessment (IQA) task. Perceptual representation becomes more important in image quality assessment. In this context, we extract the perceptual feature representations from each of input images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) backbone. The extracted feature maps are fed into the transformer encoder and decoder in order to compare a reference and distorted images. Following an approach of the transformer-based vision models, we use extra learnable quality embedding and position embedding. The output of the transformer is passed to a prediction head in order to predict a final quality score. The experimental results show that our proposed model has an outstanding performance for the standard IQA datasets. For a large-scale IQA dataset containing output images of generative model, our model also shows the promising results. The proposed IQT was ranked first among 13 participants in the NTIRE 2021 perceptual image quality assessment challenge. Our work will be an opportunity to further expand the approach for the perceptual IQA task.

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2021.

Builds on

28 of 62 references.

References · 28

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  4. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  5. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  6. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  7. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
  8. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
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  12. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
16 more
  1. 2020Image Quality Assessment: Unifying Structure and Texture Similaritycited by 792
  2. 2018Image Transformercited by 770
  3. 2019KonIQ-10k: An ecologically valid database for deep learning of blind image quality assessmentcited by 351
  4. 2020Learning Texture Transformer Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 346
  5. 2020Axial-DeepLab: Stand-Alone Axial-Attention for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 326
  6. 2013Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Indexcited by 193
  7. 2020PIPAL: a Large-Scale Image Quality Assessment Dataset for Perceptual Image Restorationcited by 177
  8. 2018PieAPP: Perceptual Image-Error Assessment through Pairwise Preferencecited by 158
  9. 2018The 2018 PIRM Challenge on Perceptual Image Super-resolutioncited by 155
  10. 2016Learning a No-Reference Quality Metric for Single-Image Super-Resolutioncited by 143
  11. 2021Colorization Transformercited by 89
  12. 2020Transformer for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 76
  13. 2020Image Quality Assessment for Perceptual Image Restoration: A New Dataset, Benchmark and Metriccited by 26
  14. 2018Generative adversarial network-based image super-resolution using perceptual content lossescited by 8
  15. 2018Deep Learning-based Image Super-Resolution Considering Quantitative and Perceptual Qualitycited by 8
  16. 2021Ambiguity of Objective Image Quality Metrics: A New Methodology for Performance Evaluationcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 16; 2023: 9; 2024: 15; 2025: 4; 2026: 6.

54 papers.

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  1. 2022Exploring CLIP for Assessing the Look and Feel of Imagescited by 974
  2. 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 220
  3. 2023AutoDIR: Automatic All-in-One Image Restoration with Latent Diffusioncited by 98
  4. 2023PromptMagician: Interactive Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Creationcited by 58
  5. 2022Attentions Help CNNs See Better: Attention-based Hybrid Image Quality Assessment Networkcited by 57
  6. 2021Joint Global and Local Hierarchical Priors for Learned Image Compressioncited by 52
  7. 2022NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Perceptual Image Quality Assessmentcited by 41
  8. 2024ColorVideoVDP: A visual difference predictor for image, video and display distortionscited by 32
  9. 2024Quality Assessment in the Era of Large Models: A Surveycited by 26
  10. 2023Zoom-VQA: Patches, Frames and Clips Integration for Video Quality Assessmentcited by 21
  11. 2021NTIRE 2021 Challenge on Perceptual Image Quality Assessmentcited by 18
  12. 2022A Perceptual Quality Metric for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 15
38 more
  1. 2022Content-Variant Reference Image Quality Assessment via Knowledge Distillationcited by 14
  2. 2022SwinIQA: Learned Swin Distance for Compressed Image Quality Assessmentcited by 14
  3. 2022Incorporating Semi-Supervised and Positive-Unlabeled Learning for Boosting Full Reference Image Quality Assessmentcited by 12
  4. 2025Next Token Is Enough: Realistic Image Quality and Aesthetic Scoring with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 11
  5. 2022MSTRIQ: No Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Swin Transformer with Multi-Stage Fusioncited by 10
  6. 2024Vision-Language Consistency Guided Multi-modal Prompt Learning for Blind AI Generated Image Quality Assessmentcited by 9
  7. 2022Progressive Training of A Two-Stage Framework for Video Restorationcited by 7
  8. 2022Conformer and Blind Noisy Students for Improved Image Quality Assessmentcited by 5
  9. 2024LAR-IQA: A Lightweight, Accurate, and Robust No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Modelcited by 5
  10. 2024AI-Generated Image Quality Assessment Based on Task-Specific Prompt and Multi-Granularity Similaritycited by 5
  11. 2023You Only Train Once: A Unified Framework for Both Full-Reference and No-Reference Image Quality Assessmentcited by 4
  12. 2024Perception- and Fidelity-aware Reduced-Reference Super-Resolution Image Quality Assessmentcited by 4
  13. 2021Impact of loss functions on the performance of a deep neural network designed to restore low-dose digital mammographycited by 2
  14. 2022Image Quality Assessment for Magnetic Resonance Imagingcited by 2
  15. 2022Image Quality Assessment with Gradient Siamese Networkcited by 2
  16. 2022DCVQE: A Hierarchical Transformer for Video Quality Assessmentcited by 2
  17. 2022Content-Diverse Comparisons improve IQAcited by 2
  18. 2024Data-free Distillation with Degradation-prompt Diffusion for Multi-weather Image Restorationcited by 2
  19. 2024Embodied Image Quality Assessment for Robotic Intelligencecited by 2
  20. 2025StableMorph: High-Quality Face Morph Generation with Stable Diffusioncited by 2
  21. 2026From Global to Granular: Revealing IQA Model Performance via Correlation Surfacecited by 2
  22. 2021Learning Transformer Features for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 1
  23. 2022Can No-reference features help in Full-reference image quality estimation?cited by 1
  24. 2022Multi-Scale Features and Parallel Transformers Based Image Quality Assessmentcited by 1
  25. 2023SAM-IQA: Can Segment Anything Boost Image Quality Assessment?cited by 1
  26. 2023Object Detection Difficulty: Suppressing Over-aggregation for Faster and Better Video Object Detectioncited by 1
  27. 2024Assessing Image Quality Using a Simple Generative Representationcited by 1
  28. 2024Adapting Pretrained Networks for Image Quality Assessment on High Dynamic Range Displayscited by 1
  29. 2026BiRQA: Bidirectional Robust Quality Assessment for Imagescited by 1
  30. 2023Mask Reference Image Quality Assessmentcited by 0
  31. 2023HFLIC: Human Friendly Perceptual Learned Image Compression with Reinforced Transformcited by 0
  32. 2024QUASAR: QUality and Aesthetics Scoring with Advanced Representationscited by 0
  33. 2024PKU-AIGIQA-4K: A Perceptual Quality Assessment Database for Both Text-to-Image and Image-to-Image AI-Generated Imagescited by 0
  34. 2024Image Score: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Mercari Searchcited by 0
  35. 2024Enhancing Content Representation for AR Image Quality Assessment Using Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  36. 2024Image Quality Assessment: Enhancing Perceptual Exploration and Interpretation with Collaborative Feature Refinement and Hausdorff distancecited by 0
  37. 2025BELE: Blur Equivalent Linearized Estimatorcited by 0
  38. 2025Cost Savings from Automatic Quality Assessment of Generated Imagescited by 0

50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)