AGB-DE: A Corpus for the Automated Legal Assessment of Clauses in German Consumer Contracts
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Abstract (arXiv)
Legal tasks and datasets are often used as benchmarks for the capabilities of language models. However, openly available annotated datasets are rare. In this paper, we introduce AGB-DE, a corpus of 3,764 clauses from German consumer contracts that have been annotated and legally assessed by legal experts. Together with the data, we present a first baseline for the task of detecting potentially void clauses, comparing the performance of an SVM baseline with three fine-tuned open language models and the performance of GPT-3.5. Our results show the challenging nature of the task, with no approach exceeding an F1-score of 0.54. While the fine-tuned models often performed better with regard to precision, GPT-3.5 outperformed the other approaches with regard to recall. An analysis of the errors indicates that one of the main challenges could be the correct interpretation of complex clauses, rather than the decision boundaries of what is permissible and what is not.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2024.
Builds on
9 of 37 references.
References · 9
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025ContractEval: Benchmarking LLMs for Clause-Level Legal Risk Identification in Commercial Contractscited by 9
- 2025Acquiescence Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026Evaluating and Benchmarking the System One Model Jevcited by 3
- 2025Predicting potentially abusive clauses in Chilean terms of services with natural language processingcited by 1
- 2026Evaluating and Benchmarking the System One Model Jev29 Sep 2026
- 2025Acquiescence Bias in Large Language Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025ContractEval: Benchmarking LLMs for Clause-Level Legal Risk Identification in Commercial Contracts5 Aug 2025
- 2025Predicting potentially abusive clauses in Chilean terms of services with natural language processing2 Feb 2025