Game Arena: Strategic LLM Evaluation in Competitive Environments
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Kaggle Game Arena, an open and ever-expanding platform to evaluate large language models (LLMs) through competitive games. Different from static benchmarks, game arena enables models to play head-to-head matchups in structured environments where the gameplay strength naturally increases as models evolve, preventing performance saturation. This technical report details the infrastructure behind Game Arena and describes the three pilot game environments: Chess, Poker, and Werewolf. These environments span perfect information, imperfect information, and multiplayer game settings, enabling a systematic study of models' strategic planning, adaptation, and robustness under uncertainty. For each game, we provide a detailed description of the environment, evaluation metrics, and results from running full competitions across models. Through robust infrastructure and large-scale ground-truth based evaluation, Game Arena ensures reproducibility, transparency and generalizability to new games and variants over time.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2026.
Builds on
17 of 39 references.
References · 17
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
- 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,151
- 2024LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmarkcited by 242
- 2024AI Agents That Mattercited by 199
- 2019OpenSpiel: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning in Gamescited by 180
- 2023SmartPlay: A Benchmark for LLMs as Intelligent Agentscited by 123
- 2024GTBench: Uncovering the Strategic Reasoning Limitations of LLMs via Game-Theoretic Evaluationscited by 118
5 more
- 2025PokerBench: Training Large Language Models to become Professional Poker Playerscited by 18
- 2023Evaluating Agents using Social Choice Theorycited by 10
- 2025Game Reasoning Arena: A Framework and Benchmark for Assessing Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models via Game Playcited by 10
- 2025Re-evaluating Open-ended Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2026MINDGAMES: A Live Arena for Evaluating Social and Strategic Reasoning in Multi-Agent LLMscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.