mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ExploreAI: Agentic Exploration Knowledge Bases for Reproducible Observable-Regression Testing of Black-Box VR and 3D Applications

arXiv 2608.21628 ↗First posted 21 Aug 2026cs.SE cs.ROcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Black-box VR and 3D applications are difficult to regression test because observable failures depend on where a tester moves, what objects are visible, and which views are captured. Manual exploratory testing can find such failures, but its evidence is time-consuming to reproduce; systematic sweeps are reproducible, but they lack semantic guidance and spend exploration budget on low-value viewpoints. We observe that an LLM can make the high-level decisions a human tester makes during exploration: interpreting a task, choosing which objects to inspect, grouping related objects, recording what it saw, and deciding when missing evidence should trigger another attempt. Based on this observation, we present ExploreAI, an LLM-driven agentic framework that offloads repeated perception, navigation, multi-view capture execution, and logging to specialized modules while using the LLM for planning, evidence recording, capture-policy decisions, and verification decisions. ExploreAI constructs an Exploration Knowledge Base (EKB): a structured, per-object record of one exploration run. For each object the agent finds, the EKB stores the scan evidence that exposed it, the selected target, the navigation path, the multi-view capture, and the self-verification result. The EKB is a reusable testing artifact that supports reproducible observable-regression checking across versions of a VR or 3D application. Across six indoor and outdoor scenes in Unity, AI2-THOR, and BeamNG, ExploreAI constructs high-completeness EKBs under both complete and target exploration, and an LLM-module ablation shows where semantic planning, capture policy, evidence recording, and self-verification contribute. Reproduction pilots further show that EKB-guided traces help both humans and LLM-based reproducers reproduce exact object-view evidence more effectively than conditions without EKB context.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 14 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2026.

Builds on

14 of 33 references.

References · 14

  1. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,852
  2. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
  3. 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 869
  4. 2021Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AIcited by 592
  5. 2020RoboTHOR: An Open Simulation-to-Real Embodied AI Platformcited by 193
  6. 2023Software Testing with Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Visioncited by 166
  7. 2021Vision-Language Navigation: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 34
  8. 2025NavRAG: Generating User Demand Instructions for Embodied Navigation through Retrieval-Augmented LLMcited by 19
  9. 2023Scene-Driven Multimodal Knowledge Graph Construction for Embodied AIcited by 17
  10. 2025Harnessing Large Language Model for Virtual Reality Exploration Testing: A Case Studycited by 1
  11. 2026NavAI: A Generalizable LLM Framework for Navigation Tasks in Virtual Reality Environmentscited by 1
  12. 2026Automated Testing of Prevalent 3D User Interactions in Virtual Reality Applicationscited by 1
2 more
  1. 2026System Test Generation for Virtual Reality Applications using Scenario Modelscited by 1
  2. 2026VRExplorer: A Model-based Approach for Semi-Automated Testing of Virtual Reality Scenescited by 1

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  1. 2025Imagine, Verify, Execute: Memory-guided Agentic Exploration with Vision-Language Models
  2. 2026Gym-V: A Unified Vision Environment System for Agentic Vision Research
  3. 2026V-Gym: Enhancing Agentic Visual Reasoning via Skill-Data Co-Evolution
  4. 2025ReEXplore: Improving MLLMs for Embodied Exploration with Contextualized Retrospective Experience Replay
  5. 2026Hypothesis Graph Refinement: Hypothesis-Driven Exploration with Cascade Error Correction for Embodied Navigation
  6. 2026ASENA: Self-evolving Agents for Embodied Navigation
  7. 2026Look Before You Leap: Autonomous Exploration for LLM Agents
  8. 2026Remember to be Curious: Episodic Context and Persistent Worlds for 3D Exploration