mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

QUACK: Questioning, Understanding, and Auditing Communicated Knowledge in Multimodal Social Deduction Agents

arXiv 2605.27068 ↗First posted 26 May 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.MAcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

Social deduction games have become a popular testbed for probing reasoning, deception, coordination, and belief modeling in Large Language Model (LLM) agents. However, most environments are scored only by game outcomes such as win rates and largely remain to text-only interaction, making it difficult to tell whether an agent's language is actually grounded in what it perceived and did, or to identify the failure modes underlying its behavior. To address this gap, we introduce QUACK, an open-source environment and evaluation framework for auditing the grounding of agent language in multimodal social reasoning. QUACK evaluates agents at three levels: game outcomes, behavioral trajectories, and utterance-level consistency. Its core Statement Verification Pipeline reconstructs each agent's ground-truth trajectory from engine logs and checks every discussion claim against it, automatically flagging spatial hallucination, unsupported accusation, deception collapse, and language-action inconsistency. Evaluating three frontier VLMs in both homogeneous and cross-model adversarial settings, we find that even the strongest agent hallucinates 15.1% of its verifiable spatial claims and 11.5% of accusations are strictly unsupported. We release the full engine, evaluation framework, toolkit, and logs in https://github.com/AAAAA-Academia-Attractions/QUACK.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 23 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2026.

Builds on

23 of 74 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025The Traitors: Deception and Trust in Multi-Agent Language Model Simulations19 May

Other references · 22

  1. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,516
  2. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
  3. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
  4. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,479
  5. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,375
  6. 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,282
  7. 2017Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environmentscited by 1,027
  8. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 706
  9. 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolfcited by 241
  10. 2025MultiAgentBench: Evaluating the Collaboration and Competition of LLM agentscited by 178
  11. 2023Language Agents with Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Play in the Werewolf Gamecited by 152
  12. 2024A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agentscited by 112
10 more
  1. 2023Avalon's Game of Thoughts: Battle Against Deception through Recursive Contemplationcited by 104
  2. 2023Hoodwinked: Deception and Cooperation in a Text-Based Game for Language Modelscited by 47
  3. 2024Enhance Reasoning for Large Language Models in the Game Werewolfcited by 46
  4. 2024Werewolf Arena: A Case Study in LLM Evaluation via Social Deductioncited by 45
  5. 2024AMONGAGENTS: Evaluating Large Language Models in the Interactive Text-Based Social Deduction Gamecited by 28
  6. 2023Playing the Werewolf game with artificial intelligence for language understandingcited by 16
  7. 2025Training Language Models for Social Deduction with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
  8. 2025Beyond Survival: Evaluating LLMs in Social Deduction Games with Human-Aligned Strategiescited by 10
  9. 2024LLMs are Superior Feedback Providers: Bootstrapping Reasoning for Lie Detection with Self-Generated Feedbackcited by 2
  10. 2026Beyond Message Passing: A Semantic View of Agent Communication Protocolscited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Can Agents Deceive? Evaluating Reasoning and Deception in ParliamentBench using a Social Deduction Game
  2. 2026MINDGAMES: A Live Arena for Evaluating Social and Strategic Reasoning in Multi-Agent LLMs
  3. 2025Bayesian Social Deduction with Graph-Informed Language Models
  4. 2026Lies We Can See: Joint Verbal and Non-Verbal Deception by VLM Agents in Embodied Social Interactions
  5. 2024COMMA: A Communicative Multimodal Multi-Agent Benchmark
  6. 2025Can MLLMs Read the Room? A Multimodal Benchmark for Assessing Deception in Multi-Party Social Interactions
  7. 2026Lying to Win: Assessing LLM Deception through Human-AI Games and Parallel-World Probing
  8. 2026Playing social deduction games with reinforcement fine-tuned large language models