LongCLI-Bench: A Preliminary Benchmark and Study for Long-horizon Agentic Programming in Command-Line Interfaces
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in AI-assisted programming have empowered agents to execute complex workflows via command-line interfaces, however, existing benchmarks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack of fine-grained evaluation metrics, fail to rigorously evaluate the long-horizon planning and execution capabilities essential for realistic software engineering. To address these gaps, we introduce LongCLI-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate agentic capabilities across long-horizon, realistic tasks. We curated 20 high-quality, long-horizon tasks from over 1,000 computer science assignments and real-world workflows, covering four engineering categories: from scratch, feature addition, bug fixing, and refactoring. We propose a dual-set testing protocol for LongCLI-Bench, which measures requirement fulfillment (fail-to-pass) and regression avoidance (pass-to-pass), and incorporates step-level scoring to pinpoint execution failures. Extensive experiments reveal that even state-of-the-art agents achieve pass rates below 20% in LongCLI-Bench. Step-level analysis further indicates that the majority of tasks stall at less than 30% completion, highlighting that critical failures often occur in the early stages. Although self-correction offers marginal gains, human-agent collaboration through plan injection and interactive guidance yields significantly higher improvements. These results highlight that future research must emphasize the development of synergistic human-agent workflows alongside advances in agents' planning and execution capabilities to overcome key challenges in long-horizon task performance.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 34 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2026.
Builds on
34 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025GitTaskBench: A Benchmark for Code Agents Solving Real-World Tasks Through Code Repository Leveraging26 Aug
- 2025UTBoost: Rigorous Evaluation of Coding Agents on SWE-Bench10 Jun
- 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agents30 Apr
- 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agents23 Jul
- 2024SWT-Bench: Testing and Validating Real-World Bug-Fixes with Code Agents18 Jun
Other references · 29
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
- 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,105
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 1,906
- 2024DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligencecited by 1,154
- 2021Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPScited by 879
- 2023StarCoder: may the source be with you!cited by 790
17 more
- 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 732
- 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 527
- 2022DS-1000: A Natural and Reliable Benchmark for Data Science Code Generationcited by 442
- 2023RepoCoder: Repository-Level Code Completion Through Iterative Retrieval and Generationcited by 357
- 2023RepoBench: Benchmarking Repository-Level Code Auto-Completion Systemscited by 346
- 2025SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?cited by 254
- 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 196
- 2023CrossCodeEval: A Diverse and Multilingual Benchmark for Cross-File Code Completioncited by 181
- 2025Multi-SWE-bench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Issue Resolvingcited by 165
- 2023CodePlan: Repository-level Coding using LLMs and Planningcited by 139
- 2023Investigating Data Contamination in Modern Benchmarks for Large Language Modelscited by 136
- 2022MultiPL-E: A Scalable and Extensible Approach to Benchmarking Neural Code Generationcited by 132
- 2025FEA-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Repository-Level Code Generation for Feature Implementationcited by 57
- 2025Seed-Coder: Let the Code Model Curate Data for Itselfcited by 46
- 2025Zero-Shot Conversational Stance Detection: Dataset and Approachescited by 11
- 2025Multi-Docker-Eval: A `Shovel of the Gold Rush' Benchmark on Automatic Environment Building for Software Engineeringcited by 7
- 2025DALR: Dual-level Alignment Learning for Multimodal Sentence Representation Learningcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 29.
29 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
- 2026SlopCodeBench: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Degrade Over Long-Horizon Iterative Taskscited by 24
- 2026Long-Horizon-Terminal-Bench: Testing the Limits of Agents on Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks with Dense Reward-Based Gradingcited by 20
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integrationcited by 18
- 2026Effective Strategies for Asynchronous Software Engineering Agentscited by 12
- 2026SimCT: Recovering Lost Supervision for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillationcited by 11
- 2026Failure as a Process: An Anatomy of CLI Coding Agent Trajectoriescited by 11
- 2026TerminalWorld: Benchmarking Agents on Real-World Terminal Taskscited by 10
- 2026Agent-as-a-Router: Agentic Model Routing for Coding Taskscited by 10
- 2026LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agentscited by 7
- 2026Beyond Compaction: Structured Context Eviction for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 7
- 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Taskscited by 5
17 more
- 2026SWE-Bench ProMax: Benchmarking Agents on Large-Scale Multilingual Code Refactoringcited by 5
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Sciencecited by 3
- 2026EasyOPD: An Easy-to-use On-Policy Distillation Framework for Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026PILOT in the Loop: Live Self-Improvement for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 3
- 2026FrontierFinance: A Long-Horizon Computer-Use Benchmark of Real-World Financial Taskscited by 2
- 2026Sandboxed Coding Agents are Competitive Omni-modal Task Solverscited by 2
- 2026ANDES: Agent Native Data Evolving Synthesis Tool for Autonomous Instruction Alignmentcited by 2
- 2026LoopsBench: From Harness Engineering to Loop Engineering in Coding Agent Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026AlphaEval: Evaluating Agents in Productioncited by 1
- 2026LoopArena: Benchmarking Models as Runtime Controllers for Loop Engineeringcited by 1
- 2026Harbor Adapters and Harbor-Index: Infrastructure and a Curated Meta-Dataset for Large-Scale Agentic Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026Problem Reductions at Scale: Agentic Integration of Computationally Hard Problemscited by 0
- 2026StaminaBench: Stress-Testing Coding Agents over 100 Interaction Turnscited by 0
- 2026LatticeMind: A Conflict-Aware Memory Primitive for Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026Grounded Skill Synthesis from Code at Scale for Agentic Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026SWE-Serve: Benchmarking Agentic Engineering For Production Inference Servingcited by 0
- 2026Where Does Staleness Accumulate? Pool Aware Effective Staleness Control for Asynchronous RL in LLM Post-Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Where Does Staleness Accumulate? Pool Aware Effective Staleness Control for Asynchronous RL in LLM Post-Training29 Sep 2026
- 2026SWE-Serve: Benchmarking Agentic Engineering For Production Inference Serving22 Sep 2026
- 2026Grounded Skill Synthesis from Code at Scale for Agentic Intelligence4 Sep 2026
- 2026Harbor Adapters and Harbor-Index: Infrastructure and a Curated Meta-Dataset for Large-Scale Agentic Evaluation3 Sep 2026
- 2026LoopArena: Benchmarking Models as Runtime Controllers for Loop Engineering28 Aug 2026
- 2026PILOT in the Loop: Live Self-Improvement for Long-Horizon Agents27 Aug 2026
- 2026SWE-Bench ProMax: Benchmarking Agents on Large-Scale Multilingual Code Refactoring10 Aug 2026
- 2026LatticeMind: A Conflict-Aware Memory Primitive for Multi-Agent Systems8 Aug 2026
- 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Tasks6 Aug 2026
- 2026LoopsBench: From Harness Engineering to Loop Engineering in Coding Agent Evaluation31 Jul 2026
- 2026EasyOPD: An Easy-to-use On-Policy Distillation Framework for Large Language Models13 Jul 2026
- 2026Failure as a Process: An Anatomy of CLI Coding Agent Trajectories10 Jul 2026
17 more
- 2026Long-Horizon-Terminal-Bench: Testing the Limits of Agents on Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks with Dense Reward-Based Grading9 Jul 2026
- 2026Agent-as-a-Router: Agentic Model Routing for Coding Tasks22 Jun 2026
- 2026StaminaBench: Stress-Testing Coding Agents over 100 Interaction Turns17 Jun 2026
- 2026ANDES: Agent Native Data Evolving Synthesis Tool for Autonomous Instruction Alignment31 May 2026
- 2026Sandboxed Coding Agents are Competitive Omni-modal Task Solvers30 May 2026
- 2026LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents28 May 2026
- 2026TerminalWorld: Benchmarking Agents on Real-World Terminal Tasks21 May 2026
- 2026Code as Agent Harness18 May 2026
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Science18 May 2026
- 2026SimCT: Recovering Lost Supervision for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillation8 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Compaction: Structured Context Eviction for Long-Horizon Agents1 May 2026
- 2026AlphaEval: Evaluating Agents in Production14 Apr 2026
- 2026Problem Reductions at Scale: Agentic Integration of Computationally Hard Problems13 Apr 2026
- 2026FrontierFinance: A Long-Horizon Computer-Use Benchmark of Real-World Financial Tasks7 Apr 2026
- 2026SlopCodeBench: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Degrade Over Long-Horizon Iterative Tasks25 Mar 2026
- 2026Effective Strategies for Asynchronous Software Engineering Agents23 Mar 2026
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integration4 Mar 2026
- 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
- 2026SlopCodeBench: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Degrade Over Long-Horizon Iterative Taskscited by 24
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integrationcited by 18
- 2026Effective Strategies for Asynchronous Software Engineering Agentscited by 12
- 2026Failure as a Process: An Anatomy of CLI Coding Agent Trajectoriescited by 11
- 2026Agent-as-a-Router: Agentic Model Routing for Coding Taskscited by 10
- 2026Beyond Compaction: Structured Context Eviction for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 7
- 2026SWE-Bench ProMax: Benchmarking Agents on Large-Scale Multilingual Code Refactoringcited by 5
- 2026ANDES: Agent Native Data Evolving Synthesis Tool for Autonomous Instruction Alignmentcited by 2
- 2026LoopsBench: From Harness Engineering to Loop Engineering in Coding Agent Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026AlphaEval: Evaluating Agents in Productioncited by 1
- 2026LoopArena: Benchmarking Models as Runtime Controllers for Loop Engineeringcited by 1
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026SWE-Serve: Benchmarking Agentic Engineering For Production Inference Serving22 Sep 2026
- 2026Grounded Skill Synthesis from Code at Scale for Agentic Intelligence4 Sep 2026
- 2026Harbor Adapters and Harbor-Index: Infrastructure and a Curated Meta-Dataset for Large-Scale Agentic Evaluation3 Sep 2026
- 2026LoopArena: Benchmarking Models as Runtime Controllers for Loop Engineering28 Aug 2026
- 2026SWE-Bench ProMax: Benchmarking Agents on Large-Scale Multilingual Code Refactoring10 Aug 2026
- 2026LatticeMind: A Conflict-Aware Memory Primitive for Multi-Agent Systems8 Aug 2026
- 2026LoopsBench: From Harness Engineering to Loop Engineering in Coding Agent Evaluation31 Jul 2026
- 2026Failure as a Process: An Anatomy of CLI Coding Agent Trajectories10 Jul 2026
- 2026Agent-as-a-Router: Agentic Model Routing for Coding Tasks22 Jun 2026
- 2026StaminaBench: Stress-Testing Coding Agents over 100 Interaction Turns17 Jun 2026
- 2026ANDES: Agent Native Data Evolving Synthesis Tool for Autonomous Instruction Alignment31 May 2026
- 2026Code as Agent Harness18 May 2026
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026Long-Horizon-Terminal-Bench: Testing the Limits of Agents on Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks with Dense Reward-Based Gradingcited by 20
- 2026SimCT: Recovering Lost Supervision for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillationcited by 11
- 2026TerminalWorld: Benchmarking Agents on Real-World Terminal Taskscited by 10
- 2026LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agentscited by 7
- 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Taskscited by 5
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Sciencecited by 3
- 2026EasyOPD: An Easy-to-use On-Policy Distillation Framework for Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026PILOT in the Loop: Live Self-Improvement for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 3
- 2026FrontierFinance: A Long-Horizon Computer-Use Benchmark of Real-World Financial Taskscited by 2
- 2026Where Does Staleness Accumulate? Pool Aware Effective Staleness Control for Asynchronous RL in LLM Post-Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Where Does Staleness Accumulate? Pool Aware Effective Staleness Control for Asynchronous RL in LLM Post-Training29 Sep 2026
- 2026PILOT in the Loop: Live Self-Improvement for Long-Horizon Agents27 Aug 2026
- 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Tasks6 Aug 2026
- 2026EasyOPD: An Easy-to-use On-Policy Distillation Framework for Large Language Models13 Jul 2026
- 2026Long-Horizon-Terminal-Bench: Testing the Limits of Agents on Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks with Dense Reward-Based Grading9 Jul 2026
- 2026LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents28 May 2026
- 2026TerminalWorld: Benchmarking Agents on Real-World Terminal Tasks21 May 2026
- 2026Interactive Evaluation Requires a Design Science18 May 2026
- 2026SimCT: Recovering Lost Supervision for Cross-Tokenizer On-Policy Distillation8 May 2026
- 2026FrontierFinance: A Long-Horizon Computer-Use Benchmark of Real-World Financial Tasks7 Apr 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026SWE-Marathon: Can Agents Autonomously Complete Ultra-Long-Horizon Software Work?
- 2025LoCoBench-Agent: An Interactive Benchmark for LLM Agents in Long-Context Software Engineering
- 2026Workflow-GYM: Towards Long-Horizon Evaluation of Computer-use Agentic tasks in Real-World Professional Fields
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Benchmarks and Solutions in Software Engineering of LLM-Empowered Agentic System
- 2026RoadmapBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Agentic Software Development Across Version Upgrades
- 2026Agentic AI in the Software Development Lifecycle: Architecture, Empirical Evidence, and the Reshaping of Software Engineering
- 2026Benchmarks are Not Enough: RAMP for Runtime Assessing of Agentic Models in Production Systems
- 2026SWE-Milestone: Evaluating AI Agents on Continuous Software Evolution