mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TCAndon-Router: Adaptive Reasoning Router for Multi-Agent Collaboration

arXiv 2601.04544 ↗First posted 8 Jan 2026cs.AIcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-Agent Systems(MAS) have become a powerful paradigm for building high performance intelligent applications. Within these systems, the router responsible for determining which expert agents should handle a given query plays a crucial role in overall performance. Existing routing strategies generally fall into two categories: performance routing, which balances latency and cost across models of different sizes, and task routing, which assigns queries to domain-specific experts to improve accuracy. In real-world enterprise applications, task routing is more suitable; however, most existing approaches rely on static single-label decisions, which introduce two major limitations: (i) difficulty in seamlessly integrating new agents as business domains expand, and (ii) routing conflicts caused by overlapping agent capabilities, ultimately degrading accuracy and robustness.To address these challenges, we propose TCAndon-Router(TCAR): an adaptive reasoning router for multi-agent collaboration. Unlike traditional routers, TCAR supports dynamic agent onboarding and first generates a natural-language reasoning chain before predicting a set of candidate agents capable of handling the query. In addition, we design a collaborative execution pipeline in which selected agents independently produce responses, which are then aggregated and refined into a single high-quality response by a dedicated Refining Agent.Experiments on public datasets and real enterprise data demonstrate that TCAR significantly improves routing accuracy, reduces routing conflicts, and remains robust in ambiguous scenarios. We have released TCAR at https://huggingface.co/tencent/TCAndon-Router to support future research on explainable and collaborative multi-agent routing.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jan 2026.

Builds on

28 of 38 references.

References · 28

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
  4. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  5. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
  6. 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Societycited by 1,348
  7. 2025Beyond the 80/20 Rule: High-Entropy Minority Tokens Drive Effective Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoningcited by 540
  8. 2025The Entropy Mechanism of Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Language Modelscited by 463
  9. 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMscited by 424
  10. 2019An Evaluation Dataset for Intent Classification and Out-of-Scope Predictioncited by 378
  11. 2024Hybrid LLM: Cost-Efficient and Quality-Aware Query Routingcited by 354
  12. 2023Multi-Agent Collaboration: Harnessing the Power of Intelligent LLM Agentscited by 329
16 more
  1. 2024Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agentscited by 280
  2. 2019Benchmarking Natural Language Understanding Services for building Conversational Agentscited by 166
  3. 2023Large Language Model Routing with Benchmark Datasetscited by 166
  4. 2025Pass@K Policy Optimization: Solving Harder Reinforcement Learning Problemscited by 83
  5. 2025Universal Model Routing for Efficient LLM Inferencecited by 80
  6. 2024Learning to Route LLMs with Confidence Tokenscited by 66
  7. 2021Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Intent Detection from Spoken Datacited by 35
  8. 2020Schema-Guided Dialogue State Tracking Task at DSTC8cited by 32
  9. 2025AgentsNet: Coordination and Collaborative Reasoning in Multi-Agent LLMscited by 31
  10. 2025AgentRouter: A Knowledge-Graph-Guided LLM Router for Collaborative Multi-Agent Question Answeringcited by 29
  11. 2025Leveraging Uncertainty Estimation for Efficient LLM Routingcited by 21
  12. 2025Vibe Coding as a Reconfiguration of Intent Mediation in Software Development: Definition, Implications, and Research Agendacited by 13
  13. 2024MoDEM: Mixture of Domain Expert Modelscited by 9
  14. 2025Arch-Router: Aligning LLM Routing with Human Preferencescited by 9
  15. 2025Dynamic LLM Routing and Selection based on User Preferences: Balancing Performance, Cost, and Ethicscited by 5
  16. 2025Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systemscited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

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  1. 2025Optimal-Agent-Selection: State-Aware Routing Framework for Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration
  2. 2026EvolveRouter: Co-Evolving Routing and Prompt for Multi-Agent Question Answering
  3. 2026Orchestrating Intelligence: Confidence-Aware Routing for Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration across Multi-Scale Models
  4. 2026Route, Communicate, and Reason: Gated Routing and Adaptive Depth for Efficient Multi-Agent Reasoning
  5. 2026Learning What to Retain: Gated-Memory Routing for Efficient Collaboration in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
  6. 2026CASTER: Breaking the Cost-Performance Barrier in Multi-Agent Orchestration via Context-Aware Strategy for Task Efficient Routing
  7. 2025MasRouter: Learning to Route LLMs for Multi-Agent Systems
  8. 2025RCR-Router: Efficient Role-Aware Context Routing for Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Structured Memory