mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Intent Detection from Spoken Data

arXiv 2104.08524 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2021cs.CLcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a systematic study on multilingual and cross-lingual intent detection from spoken data. The study leverages a new resource put forth in this work, termed MInDS-14, a first training and evaluation resource for the intent detection task with spoken data. It covers 14 intents extracted from a commercial system in the e-banking domain, associated with spoken examples in 14 diverse language varieties. Our key results indicate that combining machine translation models with state-of-the-art multilingual sentence encoders (e.g., LaBSE) can yield strong intent detectors in the majority of target languages covered in MInDS-14, and offer comparative analyses across different axes: e.g., zero-shot versus few-shot learning, translation direction, and impact of speech recognition. We see this work as an important step towards more inclusive development and evaluation of multilingual intent detectors from spoken data, in a much wider spectrum of languages compared to prior work.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2021.

Builds on

30 of 44 references.

References · 30

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  9. 2019Towards Scalable Multi-domain Conversational Agents: The Schema-Guided Dialogue Datasetcited by 426
  10. 2020Efficient Intent Detection with Dual Sentence Encoderscited by 419
  11. 2019An Evaluation Dataset for Intent Classification and Out-of-Scope Predictioncited by 378
  12. 2018Snips Voice Platform: an embedded Spoken Language Understanding system for private-by-design voice interfacescited by 376
18 more
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  4. 2018Sentence Encoders on STILTs: Supplementary Training on Intermediate Labeled-data Taskscited by 214
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 8; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.

35 papers.

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  1. 2022mSLAM: Massively multilingual joint pre-training for speech and textcited by 108
  2. 2024A Survey of Large Language Models in Finance (FinLLMs)cited by 77
  3. 2023DISC-FinLLM: A Chinese Financial Large Language Model based on Multiple Experts Fine-tuningcited by 64
  4. 2021ConvFiT: Conversational Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Modelscited by 25
  5. 2022XTREME-S: Evaluating Cross-lingual Speech Representationscited by 22
  6. 2023Can ChatGPT Detect Intent? Evaluating Large Language Models for Spoken Language Understandingcited by 21
  7. 2025FinMTEB: Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 18
  8. 2022MULTI3NLU++: A Multilingual, Multi-Intent, Multi-Domain Dataset for Natural Language Understanding in Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 15
  9. 2022A Survey of Intent Classification and Slot-Filling Datasets for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 14
  10. 2022Extrinsic Evaluation of Machine Translation Metricscited by 14
  11. 2024Do We Need Domain-Specific Embedding Models? An Empirical Investigationcited by 12
  12. 2022NLU++: A Multi-Label, Slot-Rich, Generalisable Dataset for Natural Language Understanding in Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 8
23 more
  1. 2024SpeechTaxi: On Multilingual Semantic Speech Classificationcited by 6
  2. 2025FinTeam: A Multi-Agent Collaborative Intelligence System for Comprehensive Financial Scenarioscited by 5
  3. 2023The Interpreter Understands Your Meaning: End-to-end Spoken Language Understanding Aided by Speech Translationcited by 4
  4. 2025Fleurs-SLU: A Massively Multilingual Benchmark for Spoken Language Understandingcited by 4
  5. 2025Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysiscited by 4
  6. 2023Knowledge-Aware Audio-Grounded Generative Slot Filling for Limited Annotated Datacited by 3
  7. 2023SQATIN: Supervised Instruction Tuning Meets Question Answering for Improved Dialogue NLUcited by 3
  8. 2025Improving Dialectal Slot and Intent Detection with Auxiliary Tasks: A Multi-Dialectal Bavarian Case Studycited by 3
  9. 2025Breaking Audio Large Language Models by Attacking Only the Encoder: A Universal Targeted Latent-Space Audio Attackcited by 3
  10. 2026TCAndon-Router: Adaptive Reasoning Router for Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 3
  11. 2022Confidence Calibration for Intent Detection via Hyperspherical Space and Rebalanced Accuracy-Uncertainty Losscited by 2
  12. 2025Standard-to-Dialect Transfer Trends Differ across Text and Speech: A Case Study on Intent and Topic Classification in German Dialectscited by 2
  13. 2022A Major Obstacle for NLP Research: Let's Talk about Time Allocation!cited by 1
  14. 2023Sentence Embedder Guided Utterance Encoder (SEGUE) for Spoken Language Understandingcited by 1
  15. 2024DarijaBanking: A New Resource for Overcoming Language Barriers in Banking Intent Detection for Moroccan Arabic Speakerscited by 1
  16. 2025AutoIntent: AutoML for Text Classificationcited by 1
  17. 2026OmniACBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Context-Grounded Acoustic Control in Omni-Modal Modelscited by 1
  18. 2026IntentGrasp: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Intent Understandingcited by 1
  19. 2024Framework for Curating Speech Datasets and Evaluating ASR Systems: A Case Study for Polishcited by 0
  20. 2025Multilingual Datasets for Custom Input Extraction and Explanation Requests Parsing in Conversational XAI Systemscited by 0
  21. 2025WolBanking77: Wolof Banking Speech Intent Classification Datasetcited by 0
  22. 2026FastSLM: Hierarchical Temporal Abstraction for Efficient Long-Form Speech Adaptationcited by 0
  23. 2026MISID: A Multimodal Multi-turn Dataset for Complex Intent Recognition in Strategic Deception Gamescited by 0