mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Adaptive Multi-Agent Response Refinement in Conversational Systems

arXiv 2511.08319 ↗First posted 11 Nov 2025cs.CL cs.AI cs.MAcited by 2

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in conversational systems by generating human-like responses. However, they can fall short, especially when required to account for personalization or specific knowledge. In real-life settings, it is impractical to rely on users to detect these errors and request a new response. One way to address this problem is to refine the response before returning it to the user. While existing approaches focus on refining responses within a single LLM, this method struggles to consider diverse aspects needed for effective conversations. In this work, we propose refining responses through a multi-agent framework, where each agent is assigned a specific role for each aspect. We focus on three key aspects crucial to conversational quality: factuality, personalization, and coherence. Each agent is responsible for reviewing and refining one of these aspects, and their feedback is then merged to improve the overall response. To enhance collaboration among them, we introduce a dynamic communication strategy. Instead of following a fixed sequence of agents, our approach adaptively selects and coordinates the most relevant agents based on the specific requirements of each query. We validate our framework on challenging conversational datasets, demonstrating that ours significantly outperforms relevant baselines, particularly in tasks involving knowledge or user's persona, or both.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 43 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Nov 2025.

Builds on

43 of 54 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024MAgICoRe: Multi-Agent, Iterative, Coarse-to-Fine Refinement for Reasoning18 Sep
  2. 2024AgentScope: A Flexible yet Robust Multi-Agent Platform21 Feb
  3. 2024Small LLMs Are Weak Tool Learners: A Multi-LLM Agent14 Jan
  4. 2024LLM Harmony: Multi-Agent Communication for Problem Solving2 Jan
  5. 2023Dialogue Chain-of-Thought Distillation for Commonsense-aware Conversational Agents13 Oct
  6. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debate14 Aug
  7. 2023Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task-Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaboration11 Jul
  8. 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society31 Mar

Other references · 35

  1. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  3. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
  4. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  5. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
  6. 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,413
  7. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 995
  8. 2023Large Language Models Cannot Self-Correct Reasoning Yetcited by 965
  9. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 893
  10. 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 820
  11. 2023CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquingcited by 751
  12. 2023ReConcile: Round-Table Conference Improves Reasoning via Consensus among Diverse LLMscited by 297
23 more
  1. 2015The Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus: A Large Dataset for Research in Unstructured Multi-Turn Dialogue Systemscited by 172
  2. 2023LM vs LM: Detecting Factual Errors via Cross Examinationcited by 155
  3. 2023Platypus: Quick, Cheap, and Powerful Refinement of LLMscited by 150
  4. 2019Challenges in Building Intelligent Open-domain Dialog Systemscited by 147
  5. 2024Attacks, Defenses and Evaluations for LLM Conversation Safety: A Surveycited by 124
  6. 2023Prompting and Evaluating Large Language Models for Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-guided, and Non-collaborationcited by 115
  7. 2024Pride and Prejudice: LLM Amplifies Self-Bias in Self-Refinementcited by 111
  8. 2023WikiChat: Stopping the Hallucination of Large Language Model Chatbots by Few-Shot Grounding on Wikipediacited by 67
  9. 2023Prompted LLMs as Chatbot Modules for Long Open-domain Conversationcited by 61
  10. 2024Can LLMs Produce Faithful Explanations For Fact-checking? Towards Faithful Explainable Fact-Checking via Multi-Agent Debatecited by 48
  11. 2023Faithful Persona-based Conversational Dataset Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 45
  12. 2024Large Language Models have Intrinsic Self-Correction Abilitycited by 45
  13. 2024A Multi-Agent Conversational Recommender Systemcited by 42
  14. 2023LLMRefine: Pinpointing and Refining Large Language Models via Fine-Grained Actionable Feedbackcited by 39
  15. 2023DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systemscited by 31
  16. 2021Call for Customized Conversation: Customized Conversation Grounding Persona and Knowledgecited by 30
  17. 2021Learn to Resolve Conversational Dependency: A Consistency Training Framework for Conversational Question Answeringcited by 27
  18. 2022INSCIT: Information-Seeking Conversations with Mixed-Initiative Interactionscited by 27
  19. 2024Learning to Refine with Fine-Grained Natural Language Feedbackcited by 27
  20. 2023The Dangers of trusting Stochastic Parrots: Faithfulness and Trust in Open-domain Conversational Question Answeringcited by 26
  21. 2023PRODIGy: a PROfile-based DIalogue Generation datasetcited by 16
  22. 2024Commonsense-augmented Memory Construction and Management in Long-term Conversations via Context-aware Persona Refinementcited by 14
  23. 2023Realistic Conversational Question Answering with Answer Selection based on Calibrated Confidence and Uncertainty Measurementcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026A Tri-Agent Framework for Evaluating and Aligning Question Clarification Capabilities of Large Language Models
  2. 2024Cohesive Conversations: Enhancing Authenticity in Multi-Agent Simulated Dialogues
  3. 2026Uncertainty Quantification for LLM Agents: A Taxonomy, an Evaluation Protocol, and an Empirical Study
  4. 2025ART: Adaptive Response Tuning Framework -- A Multi-Agent Tournament-Based Approach to LLM Response Optimization
  5. 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Survey
  6. 2025Human vs. Agent in Task-Oriented Conversations
  7. 2024Adaptive In-conversation Team Building for Language Model Agents
  8. 2025Beyond Single Models: Enhancing LLM Detection of Ambiguity in Requests through Debate