mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Traj-CoA: Patient Trajectory Modeling via Chain-of-Agents for Lung Cancer Risk Prediction

arXiv 2510.10454 ↗First posted 12 Oct 2025cs.AIcited by 2

On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) offer a generalizable approach for modeling patient trajectories, but suffer from the long and noisy nature of electronic health records (EHR) data in temporal reasoning. To address these challenges, we introduce Traj-CoA, a multi-agent system involving chain-of-agents for patient trajectory modeling. Traj-CoA employs a chain of worker agents to process EHR data in manageable chunks sequentially, distilling critical events into a shared long-term memory module, EHRMem, to reduce noise and preserve a comprehensive timeline. A final manager agent synthesizes the worker agents' summary and the extracted timeline in EHRMem to make predictions. In a zero-shot one-year lung cancer risk prediction task based on five-year EHR data, Traj-CoA outperforms baselines of four categories. Analysis reveals that Traj-CoA exhibits clinically aligned temporal reasoning, establishing it as a promisingly robust and generalizable approach for modeling complex patient trajectories. Implementation of Traj-CoA is available on https://github.com/zengsihang/Traj-CoA.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 27 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2025.

Builds on

27 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025TxAgent: An AI Agent for Therapeutic Reasoning Across a Universe of Tools14 Mar

Other references · 26

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  2. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
  3. 2016XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting Systemcited by 5,166
  4. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
  5. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
  6. 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,418
  7. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memorycited by 779
  8. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 634
  9. 2024A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applicationscited by 431
  10. 2023Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 427
  11. 2020Med-BERT: pre-trained contextualized embeddings on large-scale structured electronic health records for disease predictioncited by 373
  12. 2016RETAIN: An Interpretable Predictive Model for Healthcare using Reverse Time Attention Mechanismcited by 349
14 more
  1. 2018Scalable and accurate deep learning for electronic health recordscited by 280
  2. 2024Nomic Embed: Training a Reproducible Long Context Text Embeddercited by 265
  3. 2019BEHRT: Transformer for Electronic Health Recordscited by 263
  4. 2024Chain of Agents: Large Language Models Collaborating on Long-Context Taskscited by 206
  5. 2019MIMIC-Extract: A Data Extraction, Preprocessing, and Representation Pipeline for MIMIC-IIIcited by 122
  6. 2025A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?cited by 85
  7. 2024A Closer Look at AUROC and AUPRC under Class Imbalancecited by 57
  8. 2024Context Clues: Evaluating Long Context Models for Clinical Prediction Tasks on EHRscited by 39
  9. 2025TIMER: Temporal Instruction Modeling and Evaluation for Longitudinal Clinical Recordscited by 34
  10. 2024LongHealth: A Question Answering Benchmark with Long Clinical Documentscited by 33
  11. 2024Prompting Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Clinical Prediction with Structured Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Datacited by 22
  12. 2022ICE-NODE: Integration of Clinical Embeddings with Neural Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 5
  13. 2022Modelling Patient Trajectories Using Multimodal Informationcited by 2
  14. 2023Multi-modal Graph Learning over UMLS Knowledge Graphscited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

  1. 2026AgentRx: A Benchmark Study of LLM Agents for Multimodal Clinical Prediction Taskscited by 3
  2. 2026EHR-MPC: Inference-Time Control for Sepsis Treatment with Generative Patient Digital Twinscited by 2

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026TrajOnco: a multi-agent framework for temporal reasoning over longitudinal EHR for multi-cancer early detection
  2. 2026Traj-Evolve: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Patient Trajectory Modeling in Lung Cancer Early Detection
  3. 2025CliCARE: Grounding Large Language Models in Clinical Guidelines for Decision Support over Longitudinal Cancer Electronic Health Records
  4. 2026Vital Trace: Protocol-Constrained Patient-State Reasoning for Longitudinal Clinical Trajectories
  5. 2026COTCAgent: Preventive Consultation via Probabilistic Chain-of-Thought Completion
  6. 2025Cohort-Aware Agents for Individualized Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Using a Retrieval-Augmented Model Selection Framework
  7. 2025CancerGUIDE: Cancer Guideline Understanding via Internal Disagreement Estimation
  8. 2026The Patient is not a Moving Document: A World Model Training Paradigm for Longitudinal EHR