mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Don't Tell the Answer, Truly Guide the Reasoning During RL Rollouts

arXiv 2510.09388 ↗First posted 10 Oct 2025cs.LG cs.CLcited by 13

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a key driver for enhancing the long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, prevalent methods like GRPO often fail when task difficulty exceeds model capacity, leading to reward sparsity and inefficient training. Prior work attempts to mitigate this with off-policy data, but such methods often induce severe distributional mismatches that destabilize policy updates. In this work, we identify a core issue underlying these failures, which we term low training affinity, and introduce Affinity, the first quantitative metric for monitoring the compatibility between external guidance and the model's intrinsic policy. To address this, we propose HINT, an adaptive framework designed to enhance reasoning capabilities while explicitly preserving high Affinity. First, instead of revealing partial answers, HINT supplies Meta-Hints, which act as abstract cognitive scaffolding to guide the model in articulating solutions independently. Second, to ensure stability, we integrate Affinity-Aware Policy Optimization (AAPO), which dynamically modulates the learning objective based on the Affinity. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks demonstrate that HINT consistently outperforms strong baselines, while exhibiting superior stability and robust generalization to out-of-distribution tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/ViviqwerAsd/HINT.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 28 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Oct 2025.

Builds on

28 of 37 references.

Closest ancestors · 17

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025QuestA: Expanding Reasoning Capacity in LLMs via Question Augmentation17 Jul
  2. 2025SRFT: A Single-Stage Method with Supervised and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Reasoning24 Jun
  3. 2025BREAD: Branched Rollouts from Expert Anchors Bridge SFT & RL for Reasoning20 Jun
  4. 2025Learning to Reason under Off-Policy Guidance21 Apr
  5. 2025Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?18 Apr
  6. 2025Not All Rollouts are Useful: Down-Sampling Rollouts in LLM Reinforcement Learning18 Apr
  7. 2025DUMP: Automated Distribution-Level Curriculum Learning for RL-based LLM Post-training13 Apr
  8. 2025Echo Chamber: RL Post-training Amplifies Behaviors Learned in Pretraining10 Apr
  9. 2025Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model31 Mar
  10. 2025CPPO: Accelerating the Training of Group Relative Policy Optimization-Based Reasoning Models28 Mar
  11. 2025Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspective26 Mar
  12. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale18 Mar
5 more
  1. 2025Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards3 Feb
  2. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning22 Jan
  3. 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs22 Jan
  4. 2025REINFORCE++: Stabilizing Critic-Free Policy Optimization with Global Advantage Normalization4 Jan
  5. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms20 Jul

Other references · 11

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  2. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  3. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
  4. 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,076
  5. 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,220
  6. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,099
  7. 2025SFT Memorizes, RL Generalizes: A Comparative Study of Foundation Model Post-trainingcited by 655
  8. 2024A Survey on Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 646
  9. 2024Back to Basics: Revisiting REINFORCE Style Optimization for Learning from Human Feedback in LLMscited by 103
  10. 2025On-Policy RL Meets Off-Policy Experts: Harmonizing Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning via Dynamic Weightingcited by 88
  11. 2025GHPO: Adaptive Guidance for Stable and Efficient LLM Reinforcement Learningcited by 33

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 13.

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  1. 2025Staying in the Sweet Spot: Responsive Reasoning Evolution via Capability-Adaptive Hint Scaffolding
  2. 2026Resource-Efficient Reinforcement for Reasoning Large Language Models via Dynamic One-Shot Policy Refinement
  3. 2025Critique-GRPO: Advancing LLM Reasoning with Natural Language and Numerical Feedback
  4. 2026Rethinking RL for LLM Reasoning: It's Sparse Policy Selection, Not Capability Learning
  5. 2025G2RPO-A: Guided Group Relative Policy Optimization with Adaptive Guidance
  6. 2026It Takes 8 Tokens: Weak-to-Strong Off-Policy RL via Auxiliary Branches
  7. 2025A Minimalist Approach to LLM Reasoning: from Rejection Sampling to Reinforce
  8. 2024Improving Multi-Step Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models with Direct Advantage Policy Optimization