To Reason or to Fabricate: Reasoning Without Shortcuts via Hint-Anchored Pairwise Aggregation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
While reinforcement learning (RL) significantly enhances LLM reasoning, its efficacy is severely undermined by Pre-RL data overlap, where RL datasets overlap with pretraining or SFT corpora, causing models to exploit shortcuts by memorizing correct answers and fabricating post-hoc reasoning. To address this, we introduce HIPPO, a novel RL framework that integrates hint-injected aggregation with a tailored pairwise reward model. By utilizing hint injection to deliberately trigger overlap-induced behaviors, the resulting traces naturally serve as explicit anchors for pairwise comparison. This provides highly discriminable preference signals, enabling a lightweight judge model to reliably distinguish genuine reasoning deduction from shortcut-driven rationalization, while the pairwise formulation ensures stable and robust optimization compared to standard PRMs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HIPPO yields substantial improvements over standard baselines and generalizes effectively to out-of-distribution general tasks, showing it extracts authentic, transferable reasoning skills rather than superficial shortcut patterns.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 43 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jun 2026.
Builds on
43 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 16
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Spurious Rewards Paradox: Mechanistically Understanding How RLVR Activates Memorization Shortcuts in LLMs16 Jan
- 2026The Impact of Post-training on Data Contamination3 Jan
- 2025Don't Tell the Answer, Truly Guide the Reasoning During RL Rollouts10 Oct
- 2025CLARity: Reasoning Consistency Alone Can Teach Reinforced Experts10 Oct
- 2025Pref-GRPO: Pairwise Preference Reward-based GRPO for Stable Text-to-Image Reinforcement Learning28 Aug
- 2025RL-PLUS: Countering Capability Boundary Collapse of LLMs in Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid-policy Optimization31 Jul
- 2025Reasoning or Memorization? Unreliable Results of Reinforcement Learning Due to Data Contamination14 Jul
- 2025Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?18 Apr
- 2025Echo Chamber: RL Post-training Amplifies Behaviors Learned in Pretraining10 Apr
- 2025Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspective26 Mar
- 2025SimpleRL-Zoo: Investigating and Taming Zero Reinforcement Learning for Open Base Models in the Wild24 Mar
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale18 Mar
4 more
Other references · 27
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2015High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimationcited by 1,916
- 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
- 2019PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answeringcited by 1,271
- 2022Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimizationcited by 1,056
- 2023Eliciting Latent Predictions from Transformers with the Tuned Lenscited by 579
- 2024Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learningcited by 405
- 2025Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Thinkcited by 388
- 2025MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitionscited by 275
- 2024HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMscited by 257
- 2023TheoremQA: A Theorem-driven Question Answering datasetcited by 189
15 more
- 2024A Minimaximalist Approach to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 141
- 2025Are DeepSeek R1 And Other Reasoning Models More Faithful?cited by 69
- 2023Evaluating and Improving Tool-Augmented Computation-Intensive Math Reasoningcited by 49
- 2025Investigating Non-Transitivity in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 33
- 2025A Survey on Data Contamination for Large Language Modelscited by 33
- 2025Leveraging Online Olympiad-Level Math Problems for LLMs Training and Contamination-Resistant Evaluationcited by 29
- 2026ArenaRL: Scaling RL for Open-Ended Agents via Tournament-based Relative Rankingcited by 17
- 2025Position: The Hidden Costs and Measurement Gaps of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 11
- 2025On The Fragility of Benchmark Contamination Detection in Reasoning Modelscited by 8
- 2026Lie to Me: How Faithful Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Reasoning Models?cited by 8
- 2024Conversational Complexity for Assessing Risk in Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026Gained in Translation: Privileged Pairwise Judges Enhance Multilingual Reasoningcited by 6
- 2025Unspoken Hints: Accuracy Without Acknowledgement in LLM Reasoningcited by 4
- 2025Detecting Data Contamination from Reinforcement Learning Post-training for Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026The Illusion of Reasoning: Exposing Evasive Data Contamination in LLMs via Zero-CoT Truncationcited by 2
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- 2025Reasoning Vectors: Transferring Chain-of-Thought Capabilities via Task Arithmetic
- 2025A Minimalist Approach to LLM Reasoning: from Rejection Sampling to Reinforce
- 2026KnowRL: Boosting LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Minimal-Sufficient Knowledge Guidance
- 2025DRPO: Efficient Reasoning via Decoupled Reward Policy Optimization
- 2025HiPO: Hybrid Policy Optimization for Dynamic Reasoning in LLMs
- 2026Advancing General-Purpose Reasoning Models with Modular Gradient Surgery