TrackVLA++: Unleashing Reasoning and Memory Capabilities in VLA Models for Embodied Visual Tracking
On the map: Vision-language-action models → Reasoning and chain-of-thought in VLA
Abstract (arXiv)
Embodied Visual Tracking (EVT) is a fundamental ability that underpins practical applications, such as companion robots, guidance robots and service assistants, where continuously following moving targets is essential. Recent advances have enabled language-guided tracking in complex and unstructured scenes. However, existing approaches lack explicit spatial reasoning and effective temporal memory, causing failures under severe occlusions or in the presence of similar-looking distractors. To address these challenges, we present TrackVLA++, a novel Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that enhances embodied visual tracking with two key modules, a spatial reasoning mechanism and a Target Identification Memory (TIM). The reasoning module introduces a Chain-of-Thought paradigm, termed Polar-CoT, which infers the target's relative position and encodes it as a compact polar-coordinate token for action prediction. Guided by these spatial priors, the TIM employs a gated update strategy to preserve long-horizon target memory, ensuring spatiotemporal consistency and mitigating target loss during extended occlusions. Extensive experiments show that TrackVLA++ achieves state-of-the-art performance on public benchmarks across both egocentric and multi-camera settings. On the challenging EVT-Bench DT split, TrackVLA++ surpasses the previous leading approach by 5.1 and 12, respectively. Furthermore, TrackVLA++ exhibits strong zero-shot generalization, enabling robust real-world tracking in dynamic and occluded scenarios.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning and chain-of-thought in VLA, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 47 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2025.
Builds on
47 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2025InSpire: Vision-Language-Action Models with Intrinsic Spatial Reasoning20 May
- 2025CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models27 Mar
- 2024Robotic Control via Embodied Chain-of-Thought Reasoning11 Jul
Other references · 44
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- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
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- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
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- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,048
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
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- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
- 2025SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Modelcited by 502
32 more
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
- 2024LongVU: Spatiotemporal Adaptive Compression for Long Video-Language Understandingcited by 341
- 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thoughtcited by 276
- 2024NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 222
- 2023Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars and Robotscited by 220
- 2024PaliGemma 2: A Family of Versatile VLMs for Transfercited by 204
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigationcited by 201
- 2024Uni-NaVid: A Video-based Vision-Language-Action Model for Unifying Embodied Navigation Taskscited by 146
- 2025GraspVLA: a Grasping Foundation Model Pre-trained on Billion-scale Synthetic Action Datacited by 120
- 2025DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Graspingcited by 87
- 2025Embodied Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 65
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- 2023PLIP: Language-Image Pre-training for Person Representation Learningcited by 49
- 20223D-Aware Object Goal Navigation via Simultaneous Exploration and Identificationcited by 46
- 2025TrackVLA: Embodied Visual Tracking in the Wildcited by 46
- 2018End-to-end Active Object Tracking and Its Real-world Deployment via Reinforcement Learningcited by 35
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- 2021Towards Distraction-Robust Active Visual Trackingcited by 30
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- 2017End-to-end Active Object Tracking via Reinforcement Learningcited by 27
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- 2020Pose-Assisted Multi-Camera Collaboration for Active Object Trackingcited by 16
- 2023RSPT: Reconstruct Surroundings and Predict Trajectories for Generalizable Active Object Trackingcited by 16
- 2020Enhancing Continuous Control of Mobile Robots for End-to-End Visual Active Trackingcited by 11
- 2025LOVON: Legged Open-Vocabulary Object Navigatorcited by 11
- 2023Learning Vision-based Pursuit-Evasion Robot Policiescited by 9
- 2023Person Re-Identification for Robot Person Following with Online Continual Learningcited by 5
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- 2025RPF-Search: Field-based Search for Robot Person Following in Unknown Dynamic Environmentscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 15.
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- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 23
- 2026Graph-based Agent Memory: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applicationscited by 22
- 2026VLingNav: Embodied Navigation with Adaptive Reasoning and Visual-Assisted Linguistic Memorycited by 10
- 2026Qwen-RobotNav Technical Report: A Scalable Navigation Model Designed for an Agentic Navigation Systemcited by 10
- 2026CoMaTrack: Competitive Multi-Agent Game-Theoretic Tracking with Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 5
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 5
- 2026NativeMEM: Native Memory Compression for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
- 2026Improving Robustness of Vision-Language-Action Models by Restoring Corrupted Visual Inputscited by 3
- 2025UtilGen: Utility-Centric Generative Data Augmentation with Dual-Level Task Adaptationcited by 2
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- 2026UniTrackPLA: Unified Panorama-Language-Action Model for Instruction-Guided Navigation and Dynamic Person Trackingcited by 0
- 2026UniTrackPLA: Unified Panorama-Language-Action Model for Instruction-Guided Navigation and Dynamic Person Tracking1 Oct 2026
- 2026UAVs Meet Embodied Intelligence: Bridging Human Intents and Flying Dynamics Via Harnessing Physical-Digital AI Agents16 Sep 2026
- 2026CST-WM: A Causally Structured World Model for Embodied Visual Tracking5 Sep 2026
- 2026LightNav-0: Eliciting VLM Spatial Intelligence for Generalist Embodied Navigation31 Aug 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026NativeMEM: Native Memory Compression for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation7 Jul 2026
- 2026USS: Unifying Spatial-Semantic Prompting for End to End Embodied Visual Tracking24 Jun 2026
- 2026Qwen-RobotNav Technical Report: A Scalable Navigation Model Designed for an Agentic Navigation System16 Jun 2026
- 2026RescueBench: Can Embodied Agents Save Lives in the Wild ?1 Jun 2026
- 2026G-DRAGON: Geospatial Reasoning and Dynamic Planning for Retrieval-Augmented Outdoor Navigation25 May 2026
- 2026CoMaTrack: Competitive Multi-Agent Game-Theoretic Tracking with Vision-Language-Action Models24 Mar 2026
- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigation12 Feb 2026
4 more
- 2026Graph-based Agent Memory: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applications5 Feb 2026
- 2026Improving Robustness of Vision-Language-Action Models by Restoring Corrupted Visual Inputs1 Feb 2026
- 2026VLingNav: Embodied Navigation with Adaptive Reasoning and Visual-Assisted Linguistic Memory13 Jan 2026
- 2025UtilGen: Utility-Centric Generative Data Augmentation with Dual-Level Task Adaptation28 Oct 2025
- 2026Graph-based Agent Memory: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applicationscited by 22
- 2026Qwen-RobotNav Technical Report: A Scalable Navigation Model Designed for an Agentic Navigation Systemcited by 10
- 2026CoMaTrack: Competitive Multi-Agent Game-Theoretic Tracking with Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 5
- 2026Qwen-RobotNav Technical Report: A Scalable Navigation Model Designed for an Agentic Navigation System16 Jun 2026
- 2026CoMaTrack: Competitive Multi-Agent Game-Theoretic Tracking with Vision-Language-Action Models24 Mar 2026
- 2026Graph-based Agent Memory: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applications5 Feb 2026
- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 23
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 5
- 2025UtilGen: Utility-Centric Generative Data Augmentation with Dual-Level Task Adaptationcited by 2
- 2026USS: Unifying Spatial-Semantic Prompting for End to End Embodied Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2026LightNav-0: Eliciting VLM Spatial Intelligence for Generalist Embodied Navigationcited by 1
- 2026RescueBench: Can Embodied Agents Save Lives in the Wild ?cited by 0
- 2026UniTrackPLA: Unified Panorama-Language-Action Model for Instruction-Guided Navigation and Dynamic Person Trackingcited by 0
- 2026UniTrackPLA: Unified Panorama-Language-Action Model for Instruction-Guided Navigation and Dynamic Person Tracking1 Oct 2026
- 2026LightNav-0: Eliciting VLM Spatial Intelligence for Generalist Embodied Navigation31 Aug 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026USS: Unifying Spatial-Semantic Prompting for End to End Embodied Visual Tracking24 Jun 2026
- 2026RescueBench: Can Embodied Agents Save Lives in the Wild ?1 Jun 2026
- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigation12 Feb 2026
- 2025UtilGen: Utility-Centric Generative Data Augmentation with Dual-Level Task Adaptation28 Oct 2025
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- 2026UAV-Track VLA: Embodied Aerial Tracking via Vision-Language-Action Models
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- 2026VisualThink-VLA: Visual Intermediate Reasoning for Effective and Low-Latency Vision-Language-Action Policies
- 2026MotionVLA: Injecting Geometric Motion into Vision-Language-Action Model
- 2026EventVLA: Event-Driven Visual Evidence Memory for Long-Horizon Vision-Language-Action Policies