A Framework for Studying AI Agent Behavior: Evidence from Consumer Choice Experiments
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate
Abstract (arXiv)
Environments built for people are increasingly operated by a new class of economic actors: LLM-powered software agents making decisions on our behalf. These decisions range from our purchases to travel plans to medical treatment selection. Current evaluations of these agents largely focus on task competence, but we argue for a deeper assessment: how these agents choose when faced with realistic decisions. We introduce ABxLab, a framework for systematically probing agentic choice through controlled manipulations of option attributes and persuasive cues. We apply this to a realistic web-based shopping environment, where we vary prices, ratings, and psychological nudges, all of which are factors long known to shape human choice. We find that agent decisions shift predictably and substantially in response, revealing that agents are strongly biased choosers even without being subject to the cognitive constraints that shape human biases. This susceptibility reveals both risk and opportunity: risk, because agentic consumers may inherit and amplify human biases; opportunity, because consumer choice provides a powerful testbed for a behavioral science of AI agents, just as it has for the study of human behavior. We release our framework as an open benchmark for rigorous, scalable evaluation of agent decision-making.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 31 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2025.
Builds on
31 of 61 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2025DeepShop: A Benchmark for Deep Research Shopping Agents3 Jun
- 2025LLM Agents Are Hypersensitive to Nudges16 May
- 2025PAARS: Persona Aligned Agentic Retail Shoppers31 Mar
Other references · 28
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- 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,745
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
- 2023Language Models can Solve Computer Taskscited by 372
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
- 2024TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real World Taskscited by 326
- 2023Large Language Models Sensitivity to The Order of Options in Multiple-Choice Questionscited by 263
- 2023Embers of Autoregression: Understanding Large Language Models Through the Problem They are Trained to Solvecited by 178
- 2023FinMem: A Performance-Enhanced LLM Trading Agent with Layered Memory and Character Designcited by 164
- 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 161
- 2024AssistantBench: Can Web Agents Solve Realistic and Time-Consuming Tasks?cited by 158
16 more
- 2024Dissecting Adversarial Robustness of Multimodal LM Agentscited by 120
- 2024Attacking Vision-Language Computer Agents via Pop-upscited by 116
- 2024Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-of-Thought can Reduce Performance on Tasks where Thinking Makes Humans Worsecited by 109
- 2023Adversarial Demonstration Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 63
- 2023SheetCopilot: Bringing Software Productivity to the Next Level through Large Language Modelscited by 57
- 2024Large Language Models Assume People are More Rational than We Really arecited by 54
- 2024eCeLLM: Generalizing Large Language Models for E-commerce from Large-scale, High-quality Instruction Datacited by 46
- 2025Walk the Talk? Measuring the Faithfulness of Large Language Model Explanationscited by 45
- 2020Understanding Human Intelligence through Human Limitationscited by 33
- 2024How do Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts between Honesty and Helpfulness?cited by 27
- 2024Heads, Tails, and AI Fails: LLMs, Randomness, and Human Judgmentscited by 26
- 2024Do Large Language Models Perform the Way People Expect? Measuring the Human Generalization Functioncited by 24
- 2024When a language model is optimized for reasoning, does it still show embers of autoregression? An analysis of OpenAI o1cited by 22
- 2024Shopping MMLU: A Massive Multi-Task Online Shopping Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2024LiLiuM: eBay's Large Language Models for e-commercecited by 10
- 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?cited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.
12 papers.
- 2026How do Visual Attributes Influence Web Agents? A Comprehensive Evaluation of User Interface Design Factorscited by 4
- 2026Visual Persuasion: What Influences Decisions of Vision-Language Models?cited by 1
- 2026Position: Behavioral Systems Require Behavioral Testscited by 1
- 2026Probing Perceptual Priors of MLLMs via Gibbs Sampling with Interpretable Generative Controlscited by 1
- 2026Mecha-nudges for Machinescited by 0
- 2026Agent-Facing Information Design in LLM Tool Registriescited by 0
- 2026LLM Consumer Behavior Theory: Foundations of a Novel Research Fieldcited by 0
- 2026Causal Behavioral Evaluation of AI Agents at Scale via Automated Behavioral Sciencecited by 0
- 2026The Delegation Blind Spot: Auditing Product Decisions from Agent Choicescited by 0
- 2026CAVEAT: Towards Robust Computer-Use Agents in Incentive-Misaligned Environmentscited by 0
- 2026Source Preference in the Wild: How LLM Agents Favor Items by Source, and How to Reduce Itcited by 0
- 2026Learning to Clarify Underspecified Intents Under Limited Interactioncited by 0
- 2026Learning to Clarify Underspecified Intents Under Limited Interaction3 Oct 2026
- 2026Source Preference in the Wild: How LLM Agents Favor Items by Source, and How to Reduce It2 Oct 2026
- 2026CAVEAT: Towards Robust Computer-Use Agents in Incentive-Misaligned Environments23 Sep 2026
- 2026The Delegation Blind Spot: Auditing Product Decisions from Agent Choices22 Sep 2026
- 2026Probing Perceptual Priors of MLLMs via Gibbs Sampling with Interpretable Generative Controls27 Aug 2026
- 2026Causal Behavioral Evaluation of AI Agents at Scale via Automated Behavioral Science10 Aug 2026
- 2026LLM Consumer Behavior Theory: Foundations of a Novel Research Field16 Jun 2026
- 2026Position: Behavioral Systems Require Behavioral Tests31 May 2026
- 2026Agent-Facing Information Design in LLM Tool Registries12 Apr 2026
- 2026Mecha-nudges for Machines24 Mar 2026
- 2026Visual Persuasion: What Influences Decisions of Vision-Language Models?17 Feb 2026
- 2026How do Visual Attributes Influence Web Agents? A Comprehensive Evaluation of User Interface Design Factors29 Jan 2026
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