mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Flash-Searcher: Fast and Effective Web Agents via DAG-Based Parallel Execution

arXiv 2509.25301 ↗First posted 29 Sep 2025cs.AI cs.CLcited by 27

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks when equipped with external tools. However, current frameworks predominantly rely on sequential processing, leading to inefficient execution particularly for tasks requiring extensive tool interaction. This paper introduces Flash-Searcher, a novel parallel agent reasoning framework that fundamentally reimagines the execution paradigm from sequential chains to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Flash-Searcher decomposes complex tasks into subtasks with explicit dependencies, enabling concurrent execution of independent reasoning paths while maintaining logical constraints. Through dynamic workflow optimization, our framework continuously refines the execution graph based on intermediate results, effectively integrating summary module. Comprehensive evaluations across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that Flash-Searcher consistently outperforms existing approaches. Specifically, it achieves 67.7% accuracy on BrowseComp and 83% on xbench-DeepSearch, while reducing agent execution steps by up to 35% compared to current frameworks. Furthermore, when distilling this parallel reasoning pipeline into single models, we observe substantial performance gains across diverse backbone architectures, underscoring the generalizability of our methodology. Our work thus represents a significant advance in agent architecture design, offering a more scalable and efficient paradigm for complex reasoning tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 44 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2025.

Builds on

44 of 77 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025BrowseMaster: Towards Scalable Web Browsing via Tool-Augmented Programmatic Agent Pair12 Aug
  2. 2025Beyond Ten Turns: Unlocking Long-Horizon Agentic Search with Large-Scale Asynchronous RL11 Aug
  3. 2025WebDancer: Towards Autonomous Information Seeking Agency28 May
  4. 2025EvolveSearch: An Iterative Self-Evolving Search Agent28 May
  5. 2025Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Models9 Jan

Other references · 39

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  3. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  4. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
  5. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,464
  6. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,444
  7. 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Societycited by 1,395
  8. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
  9. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 919
  10. 2023Graph of Thoughts: Solving Elaborate Problems with Large Language Modelscited by 886
  11. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 647
  12. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviorscited by 598
27 more
  1. 2023Language Agent Tree Search Unifies Reasoning Acting and Planning in Language Modelscited by 574
  2. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 501
  3. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
  4. 2025WebThinker: Empowering Large Reasoning Models with Deep Research Capabilitycited by 335
  5. 2025DeepResearcher: Scaling Deep Research via Reinforcement Learning in Real-world Environmentscited by 286
  6. 2024Magentic-One: A Generalist Multi-Agent System for Solving Complex Taskscited by 232
  7. 2025WebWalker: Benchmarking LLMs in Web Traversalcited by 175
  8. 2025SimpleTIR: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoningcited by 146
  9. 2025OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automationcited by 131
  10. 2023Agents: An Open-source Framework for Autonomous Language Agentscited by 116
  11. 2025Alita: Generalist Agent Enabling Scalable Agentic Reasoning with Minimal Predefinition and Maximal Self-Evolutioncited by 116
  12. 2024Symbolic Learning Enables Self-Evolving Agentscited by 106
  13. 2025Agent KB: Leveraging Cross-Domain Experience for Agentic Problem Solvingcited by 94
  14. 2023Algorithm of Thoughts: Enhancing Exploration of Ideas in Large Language Modelscited by 92
  15. 2023RecurrentGPT: Interactive Generation of (Arbitrarily) Long Textcited by 84
  16. 2025Chain-of-Agents: End-to-End Agent Foundation Models via Multi-Agent Distillation and Agentic RLcited by 80
  17. 2025Scaling Test-time Compute for LLM Agentscited by 63
  18. 2025Agent RL Scaling Law: Agent RL with Spontaneous Code Execution for Mathematical Problem Solvingcited by 62
  19. 2025Learning Adaptive Parallel Reasoning with Language Modelscited by 58
  20. 2025SimpleDeepSearcher: Deep Information Seeking via Web-Powered Reasoning Trajectory Synthesiscited by 55
  21. 2025TaskCraft: Automated Generation of Agentic Taskscited by 51
  22. 2025Efficient Agents: Building Effective Agents While Reducing Costcited by 32
  23. 2025SFR-DeepResearch: Towards Effective Reinforcement Learning for Autonomously Reasoning Single Agentscited by 31
  24. 2025OAgents: An Empirical Study of Building Effective Agentscited by 29
  25. 2025ParallelSearch: Train your LLMs to Decompose Query and Search Sub-queries in Parallel with Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
  26. 2025ReVeal: Self-Evolving Code Agents via Reliable Self-Verificationcited by 18
  27. 2025Plan-over-Graph: Towards Parallelable LLM Agent Schedulecited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 22.

27 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 303
  2. 2025MemEvolve: Meta-Evolution of Agent Memory Systemscited by 95
  3. 2025Budget-Aware Tool Use Enables Effective Agent Scalingcited by 44
  4. 2026JIT-Agent: Scaling Harness Intelligence via Just-in-Time Harness Evolutioncited by 16
  5. 2025How Far Are We from Genuinely Useful Deep Research Agents?cited by 11
  6. 2026O-Researcher: An Open Ended Deep Research Model via Multi-Agent Distillation and Agentic RLcited by 11
  7. 2026A-MapReduce: Executing Wide Search via Agentic MapReducecited by 5
  8. 2026SRR-Judge: Step-Level Rating and Refinement for Enhancing Search-Integrated Reasoning in Search Agentscited by 5
  9. 2026Search More, Think Less: Rethinking Long-Horizon Agentic Search for Efficiency and Generalizationcited by 5
  10. 2026InfoSeeker: A Scalable Hierarchical Parallel Agent Framework for Web Information Seekingcited by 5
  11. 2026When Deep Research Agents Stagnate: Enhancing Reasoning with Retrieval-Aware Agent Controlcited by 3
  12. 2026TodoEvolve: Learning to Architect Agent Planning Systemscited by 2
15 more
  1. 2026FutureWorld: A Live Reinforcement Learning Environment for Predictive Agents with Real-World Outcome Rewardscited by 2
  2. 2026AutoMem: A Text-Gradient Recursive Self-Improvement Framework for Automated Memory Architectures Searchcited by 2
  3. 2026Harnessing Pre-Resolution Signals for Future Prediction Agentscited by 1
  4. 2026Rethinking Memory as Continuously Evolving Connectivitycited by 1
  5. 2026WebSwarm: Recursive Multi-Agent Orchestration for Deep-and-Wide Web Searchcited by 1
  6. 2025ACADREASON: Exploring the Limits of Reasoning Models with Academic Research Problemscited by 0
  7. 2026Struct-Searcher: Agentic Structural Thinking Advances Multimodal Deep Information Seekingcited by 0
  8. 2026TreeSeeker: Tree-Structured Trial, Error, and Return in Deep Searchcited by 0
  9. 2026Towards Direct Latent-Space Synthesis for Parallel Branches in LLM-Agent Workflowscited by 0
  10. 2026CIPHER: A Decoupled Exploration-Selection Framework for Test-Time Scaling of Data Science Agentscited by 0
  11. 2026Beyond Sequential Interaction: Benchmarking Parallel Execution and Coordination for GUI Agentscited by 0
  12. 2026Distilling Temporal Search and Reasoning: Evolving LLMs for Future Prediction via Harness-Assisted Efficient Data Synthesiscited by 0
  13. 2026CRISP: Critical Step Perception for Training Efficient Deep Search Agentscited by 0
  14. 2026SearchAtlas: Analyzing Agentic Search Strategies via Evidential Query Graphscited by 0
  15. 2026DAGent: Evaluate-then-Grow Planning for Deep Research Agentscited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025ManuSearch: Democratizing Deep Search in Large Language Models with a Transparent and Open Multi-Agent Framework
  2. 2025Demystifying and Enhancing the Efficiency of Large Language Model Based Search Agents
  3. 2026Web2BigTable: A Bi-Level Multi-Agent LLM System for Internet-Scale Information Search and Extraction
  4. 2025Optimizing Sequential Multi-Step Tasks with Parallel LLM Agents
  5. 2025Improving LLM Reasoning via Dependency-Aware Query Decomposition and Logic-Parallel Content Expansion
  6. 2025Towards Efficient Agents: A Co-Design of Inference Architecture and System
  7. 2025From Web Search towards Agentic Deep Research: Incentivizing Search with Reasoning Agents
  8. 2025Hybrid Deep Searcher: Scalable Parallel and Sequential Search Reasoning