mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

We Think, Therefore We Align LLMs to Helpful, Harmless and Honest Before They Go Wrong

arXiv 2509.22510 ↗First posted 26 Sep 2025cs.CLcited by 3

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the ability to satisfy desired objectives during generation, which is critical for trustworthy deployment. In practice, alignment is often operationalized through multiple objectives such as Helpfulness, Harmlessness, and Honesty (HHH). Prior works study alignment via steering vectors in standard Transformer decoders but treat objectives in isolation, where optimizing a single objective can overwrite others, leading to interference. Recent works attempt to address this limitation by extending steering to a 1-to-N Transformer setting by replicating representations into objective-specific pathways, but apply transformations independently, resulting in inconsistent responses across objectives. Similarly, approaches such as safe RLHF and MoE-based designs study trade-offs across objectives but do not constrain objective-specific transformations within a shared representation during inference. As a result, even aligned State-of-the-Art (SOTA) LLMs can struggle to jointly satisfy HHH objectives in complex settings. To address this, we propose Adaptive Multi-Branch Steering (AMBS), a two-stage framework in a 1-to-N Transformer setting that parameterizes objective-specific transformations relative to a shared representation. In Stage I, a shared hidden representation is computed once. In Stage II, this representation is replicated into N pathways and updated relative to a shared reference, capturing objective-specific deviations while restricting divergence. This produces N objective-specific responses within a single forward pass, which can be combined at decoding to obtain a single response across objectives. Across multiple backbones, AMBS improves performance across HHH, with consistent gains in WR, TI, and SS (e.g., Avg 56.5% on LLaMA-2-7B) while maintaining efficiency (e.g., 189 Tok/s, 9 GPU-hrs).

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 40 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2025.

Builds on

40 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model29 May

Other references · 39

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  4. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,912
  5. 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,780
  6. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
  7. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  8. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
  9. 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,186
  10. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  11. 2023Inference-Time Intervention: Eliciting Truthful Answers from a Language Modelcited by 1,302
  12. 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,085
27 more
  1. 2021A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignmentcited by 1,055
  2. 2023Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Samplingcited by 1,006
  3. 2022Toy Models of Superpositioncited by 971
  4. 2023Steering Language Models With Activation Engineeringcited by 922
  5. 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Datasetcited by 860
  6. 2019Plug and Play Language Models: A Simple Approach to Controlled Text Generationcited by 799
  7. 2021DExperts: Decoding-Time Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Expertscited by 441
  8. 2022Extracting Latent Steering Vectors from Pretrained Language Modelscited by 225
  9. 2024ReFT: Representation Finetuning for Language Modelscited by 197
  10. 2023The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Modelscited by 173
  11. 2022Scaling Laws and Interpretability of Learning from Repeated Datacited by 152
  12. 2024Analyzing the Generalization and Reliability of Steering Vectorscited by 143
  13. 2022On the Origin of Hallucinations in Conversational Models: Is it the Datasets or the Models?cited by 138
  14. 2024Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correctcited by 98
  15. 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 77
  16. 2023Aligning Large Language Models with Human Preferences through Representation Engineeringcited by 71
  17. 2025Steering Large Language Model Activations in Sparse Spacescited by 58
  18. 2024Style Vectors for Steering Generative Large Language Modelcited by 56
  19. 2025Multi-Attribute Steering of Language Models via Targeted Interventioncited by 46
  20. 2024Getting More Juice Out of the SFT Data: Reward Learning from Human Demonstration Improves SFT for LLM Alignmentcited by 32
  21. 2024HonestLLM: Toward an Honest and Helpful Large Language Modelcited by 18
  22. 2025A Survey on Progress in LLM Alignment from the Perspective of Reward Designcited by 15
  23. 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challengescited by 15
  24. 2024H3Fusion: Helpful, Harmless, Honest Fusion of Aligned LLMscited by 11
  25. 2025Too Helpful, Too Harmless, Too Honest or Just Right?cited by 9
  26. 2025Aligning to What? Limits to RLHF Based Alignmentcited by 8
  27. 2025Dynamic Optimizations of LLM Ensembles with Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning Agentscited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 2.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025SDA: Steering-Driven Distribution Alignment for Open LLMs without Fine-Tuning
  2. 2025Simultaneous Multi-objective Alignment Across Verifiable and Non-verifiable Rewards
  3. 2024Aligners: Decoupling LLMs and Alignment
  4. 2025A Comprehensive Evaluation framework of Alignment Techniques for LLMs
  5. 2023Aligner: One Global Token is Worth Millions of Parameters When Aligning Large Language Models
  6. 2026When the Model Said 'No Comment', We Knew Helpfulness Was Dead, Honesty Was Alive, and Safety Was Terrified
  7. 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applications
  8. 2025Differentially Private Steering for Large Language Model Alignment