mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DialogGuard: Multi-Agent Psychosocial Safety Evaluation of Sensitive LLM Responses

arXiv 2512.02282 ↗First posted 1 Dec 2025cs.AI cs.HC cs.MAcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) now mediate many web-based mental-health, crisis, and other emotionally sensitive services, yet their psychosocial safety in these settings remains poorly understood and weakly evaluated. We present DialogGuard, a multi-agent framework for assessing psychosocial risks in LLM-generated responses along five high-severity dimensions: privacy violations, discriminatory behaviour, mental manipulation, psychological harm, and insulting behaviour. DialogGuard can be applied to diverse generative models through four LLM-as-a-judge pipelines, including single-agent scoring, dual-agent correction, multi-agent debate, and stochastic majority voting, grounded in a shared three-level rubric usable by both human annotators and LLM judges. Using PKU-SafeRLHF with human safety annotations, we show that multi-agent mechanisms detect psychosocial risks more accurately than non-LLM baselines and single-agent judging; dual-agent correction and majority voting provide the best trade-off between accuracy, alignment with human ratings, and robustness, while debate attains higher recall but over-flags borderline cases. We release Dialog-Guard as open-source software with a web interface that provides per-dimension risk scores and explainable natural-language rationales. A formative study with 12 practitioners illustrates how it supports prompt design, auditing, and supervision of web-facing applications for vulnerable users.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 34 of its 87 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2025.

Builds on

34 of 87 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Understanding the Benefits and Challenges of Using Large Language Model-based Conversational Agents for Mental Well-being Support28 Jul

Other references · 33

  1. 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,874
  2. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,846
  3. 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Datasetcited by 828
  4. 2017Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Languagecited by 724
  5. 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generationcited by 410
  6. 2024Justice or Prejudice? Quantifying Biases in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 354
  7. 2024Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Modelscited by 329
  8. 2024PKU-SafeRLHF: Towards Multi-Level Safety Alignment for LLMs with Human Preferencecited by 252
  9. 2020HateCheck: Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 215
  10. 2016Ex Machina: Personal Attacks Seen at Scalecited by 208
  11. 2025OpenAgentSafety: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating Real-World AI Agent Safetycited by 71
  12. 2025Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providerscited by 67
21 more
  1. 2023The Art of Defending: A Systematic Evaluation and Analysis of LLM Defense Strategies on Safety and Over-Defensivenesscited by 63
  2. 2025Detecting High-Stakes Interactions with Activation Probescited by 45
  3. 2024Evaluating the Consistency of LLM Evaluatorscited by 24
  4. 2024Modularized Networks for Few-shot Hateful Meme Detectioncited by 15
  5. 2025Understanding Silent Data Corruption in LLM Trainingcited by 13
  6. 2024SafetyAnalyst: Interpretable, Transparent, and Steerable Safety Moderation for AI Behaviorcited by 10
  7. 2024Towards Understanding the Robustness of LLM-based Evaluations under Perturbationscited by 10
  8. 2025AI-based Clinical Decision Support for Primary Care: A Real-World Studycited by 10
  9. 2025AgenticEval: Toward Agentic and Self-Evolving Safety Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 9
  10. 2025Beyond Pipelines: A Survey of the Paradigm Shift toward Model-Native Agentic AIcited by 8
  11. 2025Before It's Too Late: A State Space Model for the Early Prediction of Misinformation and Disinformation Engagementcited by 5
  12. 2025A Robot-Led Intervention for Emotion Regulation: From Expression to Reappraisalcited by 5
  13. 2025What People Share With a Robot When Feeling Lonely and Stressed and How It Helps Over Timecited by 5
  14. 2025Robot-Led Vision Language Model Wellbeing Assessment of Childrencited by 4
  15. 2025A Closer Look at the Existing Risks of Generative AI: Mapping the Who, What, and How of Real-World Incidentscited by 4
  16. 2024LEXI: Large Language Models Experimentation Interfacecited by 3
  17. 2025We Think, Therefore We Align LLMs to Helpful, Harmless and Honest Before They Go Wrongcited by 3
  18. 2025RADAR: A Risk-Aware Dynamic Multi-Agent Framework for LLM Safety Evaluation via Role-Specialized Collaborationcited by 3
  19. 2024Efficient and Robust Knowledge Distillation from A Stronger Teacher Based on Correlation Matchingcited by 2
  20. 2025Do We Talk to Robots Like Therapists, and Do They Respond Accordingly? Language Alignment in AI Emotional Supportcited by 1
  21. 2025Agentic Moderation: Multi-Agent Design for Safer Vision-Language Modelscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Differential Harm Propensity in Personalized LLM Agents: The Curious Case of Mental Health Disclosure
  2. 2024Building Trust in Mental Health Chatbots: Safety Metrics and LLM-Based Evaluation Tools
  3. 2026Do No Harm: Exposing Hidden Vulnerabilities of LLMs via Persona-based Client Simulation Attack in Psychological Counseling
  4. 2026TherapyGym: Evaluating and Aligning Clinical Fidelity and Safety in Therapy Chatbots
  5. 2026Psych=eChat: An Empathic Framework Focused on Emotion Shift Tracking and Safety Risk Analysis in Psychological Counseling
  6. 2025ESC-Judge: A Framework for Comparing Emotional Support Conversational Agents
  7. 2026A Safety-Aware Role-Orchestrated Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Behavioral Health Communication Simulation
  8. 2022ProsocialDialog: A Prosocial Backbone for Conversational Agents