PANORAMA: The Rise of Omnidirectional Vision in the Embodied AI Era
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Abstract (arXiv)
Omnidirectional vision, using 360-degree vision to understand the environment, has become increasingly critical across domains like robotics, industrial inspection, and environmental monitoring. Compared to traditional pinhole vision, omnidirectional vision provides holistic environmental awareness, significantly enhancing the completeness of scene perception and the reliability of decision-making. However, foundational research in this area has historically lagged behind traditional pinhole vision. This talk presents an emerging trend in the embodied AI era: the rapid development of omnidirectional vision, driven by growing industrial demand and academic interest. We highlight recent breakthroughs in omnidirectional generation, omnidirectional perception, omnidirectional understanding, and related datasets. Drawing on insights from both academia and industry, we propose an ideal panoramic system architecture in the embodied AI era, PANORAMA, which consists of four key subsystems. Moreover, we offer in-depth opinions related to emerging trends and cross-community impacts at the intersection of panoramic vision and embodied AI, along with the future roadmap and open challenges. This overview synthesizes state-of-the-art advancements and outlines challenges and opportunities for future research in building robust, general-purpose omnidirectional AI systems in the embodied AI era.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2025.
Builds on
44 of 71 references.
References · 44
- 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,376
- 2021Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AIcited by 592
- 2017Joint 2D-3D-Semantic Data for Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 406
- 2019Structured3D: A Large Photo-realistic Dataset for Structured 3D Modelingcited by 286
- 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thoughtcited by 279
- 2020HoHoNet: 360 Indoor Holistic Understanding with Latent Horizontal Featurescited by 105
- 2018OmniDepth: Dense Depth Estimation for Indoors Spherical Panoramascited by 99
- 2022PanoFormer: Panorama Transformer for Indoor 360 Depth Estimationcited by 95
- 2021UniFuse: Unidirectional Fusion for 360circ Panorama Depth Estimationcited by 92
- 2023Deep Learning for Event-based Vision: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmarkscited by 90
- 2022Bending Reality: Distortion-aware Transformers for Adapting to Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
- 2022StyleLight: HDR Panorama Generation for Lighting Estimation and Editingcited by 59
32 more
- 2024360DVD: Controllable Panorama Video Generation with 360-Degree Video Diffusion Modelcited by 58
- 2018Kernel Transformer Networks for Compact Spherical Convolutioncited by 56
- 2024A Survey on Robotics with Foundation Models: toward Embodied AIcited by 56
- 2021In&Out : Diverse Image Outpainting via GAN Inversioncited by 55
- 20244K4DGen: Panoramic 4D Generation at 4K Resolutioncited by 54
- 2024UniBind: LLM-Augmented Unified and Balanced Representation Space to Bind Them Allcited by 49
- 2023Both Style and Distortion Matter: Dual-Path Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 47
- 2023EGformer: Equirectangular Geometry-biased Transformer for 360 Depth Estimationcited by 43
- 2019The StreetLearn Environment and Datasetcited by 42
- 2023360-Degree Panorama Generation from Few Unregistered NFoV Imagescited by 42
- 2024DiffPano: Scalable and Consistent Text to Panorama Generation with Spherical Epipolar-Aware Diffusioncited by 38
- 2021DeepPanoContext: Panoramic 3D Scene Understanding with Holistic Scene Context Graph and Relation-based Optimizationcited by 33
- 2025Retrieval Augmented Generation and Understanding in Vision: A Survey and New Outlookcited by 32
- 2024SegMAN: Omni-scale Context Modeling with State Space Models and Local Attention for Semantic Segmentationcited by 31
- 2023360Loc: A Dataset and Benchmark for Omnidirectional Visual Localization with Cross-device Queriescited by 30
- 2025Shifting AI Efficiency From Model-Centric to Data-Centric Compressioncited by 29
- 2024GoodSAM: Bridging Domain and Capacity Gaps via Segment Anything Model for Distortion-aware Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 28
- 2024360SFUDA++: Towards Source-free UDA for Panoramic Segmentation by Learning Reliable Category Prototypescited by 28
- 2025OmniSAM: Omnidirectional Segment Anything Model for UDA in Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 28
- 2021BIPS: Bi-modal Indoor Panorama Synthesis via Residual Depth-aided Adversarial Learningcited by 26
- 2025Eye, Robot: Learning to Look to Act with a BC-RL Perception-Action Loopcited by 25
- 2025A Survey of Representation Learning, Optimization Strategies, and Applications for Omnidirectional Visioncited by 24
- 2021ScanGAN360: A Generative Model of Realistic Scanpaths for 360circ Imagescited by 23
- 2025Are Multimodal Large Language Models Ready for Omnidirectional Spatial Reasoning?cited by 23
- 2023PanoContext-Former: Panoramic Total Scene Understanding with a Transformercited by 19
- 2023PanoVOS: Bridging Non-panoramic and Panoramic Views with Transformer for Video Segmentationcited by 18
- 2025Towards Omnidirectional Reasoning with 360-R1: A Dataset, Benchmark, and GRPO-based Methodcited by 13
- 2024OmniSSR: Zero-shot Omnidirectional Image Super-Resolution using Stable Diffusion Modelcited by 11
- 2024Video Question Answering for People with Visual Impairments Using an Egocentric 360-Degree Cameracited by 9
- 2025EDM: Equirectangular Projection-Oriented Dense Kernelized Feature Matchingcited by 7
- 2024OmniDrag: Enabling Motion Control for Omnidirectional Image-to-Video Generationcited by 5
- 2024360 in the Wild: Dataset for Depth Prediction and View Synthesiscited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 9.
12 papers.
- 2025Multimodal Spatial Reasoning in the Large Model Era: A Survey and Benchmarkscited by 33
- 2025ODI-Bench: Can MLLMs Understand Immersive Omnidirectional Environments?cited by 12
- 2026PanoEnv: Exploring 3D Spatial Intelligence in Panoramic Environments with Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2025Depth Anything in 360^circ: Towards Scale Invariance in the Wildcited by 2
- 2026Panoramic Affordance Predictioncited by 1
- 2026Rotation-Invariant Spherical Watermarking via Third-Order SO(3) Representation Couplingcited by 1
- 2026Panoramic Scene Understanding: A Survey from Distortion-Aware Engineering to Sphere-Native Modelingcited by 1
- 2026Argus: Metric Panoramic 3D Reconstruction for Indoor Scenescited by 1
- 2026SAP: Segment Any 4K Panoramacited by 0
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priorscited by 0
- 2026OneCanvas: 3D Scene Understanding via Panoramic Reprojectioncited by 0
- 2026OmniCoT: A Benchmark for Global and Multi-Step Panoramic Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026OmniCoT: A Benchmark for Global and Multi-Step Panoramic Reasoning29 Jun 2026
- 2026Argus: Metric Panoramic 3D Reconstruction for Indoor Scenes29 Jun 2026
- 2026Panoramic Scene Understanding: A Survey from Distortion-Aware Engineering to Sphere-Native Modeling26 Jun 2026
- 2026OneCanvas: 3D Scene Understanding via Panoramic Reprojection17 Jun 2026
- 2026Rotation-Invariant Spherical Watermarking via Third-Order SO(3) Representation Coupling26 May 2026
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priors14 May 2026
- 2026Panoramic Affordance Prediction16 Mar 2026
- 2026SAP: Segment Any 4K Panorama13 Mar 2026
- 2026PanoEnv: Exploring 3D Spatial Intelligence in Panoramic Environments with Reinforcement Learning25 Feb 2026
- 2025Depth Anything in 360^circ: Towards Scale Invariance in the Wild28 Dec 2025
- 2025Multimodal Spatial Reasoning in the Large Model Era: A Survey and Benchmarks29 Oct 2025
- 2025ODI-Bench: Can MLLMs Understand Immersive Omnidirectional Environments?13 Oct 2025