The StreetLearn Environment and Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
Navigation is a rich and well-grounded problem domain that drives progress in many different areas of research: perception, planning, memory, exploration, and optimisation in particular. Historically these challenges have been separately considered and solutions built that rely on stationary datasets - for example, recorded trajectories through an environment. These datasets cannot be used for decision-making and reinforcement learning, however, and in general the perspective of navigation as an interactive learning task, where the actions and behaviours of a learning agent are learned simultaneously with the perception and planning, is relatively unsupported. Thus, existing navigation benchmarks generally rely on static datasets (Geiger et al., 2013; Kendall et al., 2015) or simulators (Beattie et al., 2016; Shah et al., 2018). To support and validate research in end-to-end navigation, we present StreetLearn: an interactive, first-person, partially-observed visual environment that uses Google Street View for its photographic content and broad coverage, and give performance baselines for a challenging goal-driven navigation task. The environment code, baseline agent code, and the dataset are available at http://streetlearn.cc
Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Mar 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 5; 2023: 10; 2024: 13; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
42 papers.
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- 2022LM-Nav: Robotic Navigation with Large Pre-Trained Models of Language, Vision, and Actioncited by 435
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigationcited by 117
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 116
- 2021Extreme Rotation Estimation using Dense Correlation Volumescited by 42
- 2024CityWalker: Learning Embodied Urban Navigation from Web-Scale Videoscited by 40
- 2021Towards mental time travel: a hierarchical memory for reinforcement learning agentscited by 38
- 2022The 8-Point Algorithm as an Inductive Bias for Relative Pose Prediction by ViTscited by 38
- 2024OpenStreetView-5M: The Many Roads to Global Visual Geolocationcited by 38
- 2021Vision-Language Navigation: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 33
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priorscited by 28
- 2025Geolocation with Real Human Gameplay Data: A Large-Scale Dataset and Human-Like Reasoning Frameworkcited by 23
- 2023Deep Learning for Camera Calibration and Beyond: A Surveycited by 20
30 more
- 2023Meta-Explore: Exploratory Hierarchical Vision-and-Language Navigation Using Scene Object Spectrum Groundingcited by 18
- 2024NavAgent: Multi-scale Urban Street View Fusion For UAV Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 18
- 2024Image-Based Geolocation Using Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 17
- 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Servicescited by 14
- 2024VLN-Video: Utilizing Driving Videos for Outdoor Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 14
- 2021NYU-VPR: Long-Term Visual Place Recognition Benchmark with View Direction and Data Anonymization Influencescited by 12
- 2024FAR: Flexible, Accurate and Robust 6DoF Relative Camera Pose Estimationcited by 12
- 2025PANORAMA: The Rise of Omnidirectional Vision in the Embodied AI Eracited by 12
- 2021SILG: The Multi-environment Symbolic Interactive Language Grounding Benchmarkcited by 10
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Embodied Intelligence: A Surveycited by 9
- 2023Graph schemas as abstractions for transfer learning, inference, and planningcited by 7
- 2021Rethinking Generic Camera Models for Deep Single Image Camera Calibration to Recover Rotation and Fisheye Distortioncited by 6
- 2023Diffusion Posterior Illumination for Ambiguity-aware Inverse Renderingcited by 6
- 2024Extreme Rotation Estimation in the Wildcited by 6
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigationcited by 6
- 2024Exploring and Learning Structure: Active Inference Approach in Navigational Agentscited by 5
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matchingcited by 4
- 2021PanGEA: The Panoramic Graph Environment Annotation Toolkitcited by 3
- 2022Projective Urban Texturingcited by 3
- 2022HORIZON: High-Resolution Semantically Controlled Panorama Synthesiscited by 3
- 2023Deep Single Image Camera Calibration by Heatmap Regression to Recover Fisheye Images Under Manhattan World Assumptioncited by 3
- 2024Learning Dynamic Cognitive Map with Autonomous Navigationcited by 3
- 2024PEnG: Pose-Enhanced Geo-Localisationcited by 3
- 2026Learning to Wander: Improving the Global Image Geolocation Ability of LMMs via Actionable Reasoningcited by 3
- 2024Continual Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 2
- 2023Estimating Extreme 3D Image Rotation with Transformer Cross-Attentioncited by 0
- 2023Multi-model fusion for Aerial Vision and Dialog Navigation based on human attention aidscited by 0
- 2023Value Explicit Pretraining for Learning Transferable Representationscited by 0
- 2025Audio-Visual Camera Pose Estimation with Passive Scene Sounds and In-the-Wild Videocited by 0
- 2026Mine Odyssey: Benchmarking Spatial Agentic Intelligence in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Mine Odyssey: Benchmarking Spatial Agentic Intelligence in the Wild8 Oct 2026
- 2026Learning to Wander: Improving the Global Image Geolocation Ability of LMMs via Actionable Reasoning11 Mar 2026
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigation20 Feb 2026
- 2025Audio-Visual Camera Pose Estimation with Passive Scene Sounds and In-the-Wild Video13 Dec 2025
- 2025PANORAMA: The Rise of Omnidirectional Vision in the Embodied AI Era16 Sep 2025
- 2025Geolocation with Real Human Gameplay Data: A Large-Scale Dataset and Human-Like Reasoning Framework19 Feb 2025
- 2024CityWalker: Learning Embodied Urban Navigation from Web-Scale Videos26 Nov 2024
- 2024PEnG: Pose-Enhanced Geo-Localisation24 Nov 2024
- 2024NavAgent: Multi-scale Urban Street View Fusion For UAV Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation13 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning Dynamic Cognitive Map with Autonomous Navigation13 Nov 2024
- 2024Extreme Rotation Estimation in the Wild11 Nov 2024
- 2024MaterialFusion: Enhancing Inverse Rendering with Material Diffusion Priors23 Sep 2024
30 more
- 2024Image-Based Geolocation Using Large Vision-Language Models18 Aug 2024
- 2024Exploring and Learning Structure: Active Inference Approach in Navigational Agents12 Aug 2024
- 2024OpenStreetView-5M: The Many Roads to Global Visual Geolocation29 Apr 2024
- 2024Continual Vision-and-Language Navigation22 Mar 2024
- 2024FAR: Flexible, Accurate and Robust 6DoF Relative Camera Pose Estimation5 Mar 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Embodied Intelligence: A Survey22 Feb 2024
- 2024VLN-Video: Utilizing Driving Videos for Outdoor Vision-and-Language Navigation5 Feb 2024
- 2023Value Explicit Pretraining for Learning Transferable Representations19 Dec 2023
- 2023Diffusion Posterior Illumination for Ambiguity-aware Inverse Rendering30 Sep 2023
- 2023Multi-model fusion for Aerial Vision and Dialog Navigation based on human attention aids27 Aug 2023
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matching11 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Services13 Apr 2023
- 2023Deep Single Image Camera Calibration by Heatmap Regression to Recover Fisheye Images Under Manhattan World Assumption30 Mar 2023
- 2023Deep Learning for Camera Calibration and Beyond: A Survey19 Mar 2023
- 2023Meta-Explore: Exploratory Hierarchical Vision-and-Language Navigation Using Scene Object Spectrum Grounding7 Mar 2023
- 2023Estimating Extreme 3D Image Rotation with Transformer Cross-Attention5 Mar 2023
- 2023Graph schemas as abstractions for transfer learning, inference, and planning14 Feb 2023
- 2022HORIZON: High-Resolution Semantically Controlled Panorama Synthesis10 Oct 2022
- 2022The 8-Point Algorithm as an Inductive Bias for Relative Pose Prediction by ViTs18 Aug 2022
- 2022LM-Nav: Robotic Navigation with Large Pre-Trained Models of Language, Vision, and Action10 Jul 2022
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions22 Mar 2022
- 2022Projective Urban Texturing25 Jan 2022
- 2021Rethinking Generic Camera Models for Deep Single Image Camera Calibration to Recover Rotation and Fisheye Distortion25 Nov 2021
- 2021SILG: The Multi-environment Symbolic Interactive Language Grounding Benchmark20 Oct 2021
- 2021NYU-VPR: Long-Term Visual Place Recognition Benchmark with View Direction and Data Anonymization Influences18 Oct 2021
- 2021Vision-Language Navigation: A Survey and Taxonomy26 Aug 2021
- 2021Towards mental time travel: a hierarchical memory for reinforcement learning agents28 May 2021
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigation18 May 2021
- 2021Extreme Rotation Estimation using Dense Correlation Volumes28 Apr 2021
- 2021PanGEA: The Panoramic Graph Environment Annotation Toolkit23 Mar 2021
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigationcited by 117
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigation18 May 2021
- 2022LM-Nav: Robotic Navigation with Large Pre-Trained Models of Language, Vision, and Actioncited by 435
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 116
- 2021Extreme Rotation Estimation using Dense Correlation Volumescited by 42
- 2024CityWalker: Learning Embodied Urban Navigation from Web-Scale Videoscited by 40
- 2021Towards mental time travel: a hierarchical memory for reinforcement learning agentscited by 38
- 2022The 8-Point Algorithm as an Inductive Bias for Relative Pose Prediction by ViTscited by 38
- 2024OpenStreetView-5M: The Many Roads to Global Visual Geolocationcited by 38
- 2021Vision-Language Navigation: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 33
- 2025Geolocation with Real Human Gameplay Data: A Large-Scale Dataset and Human-Like Reasoning Frameworkcited by 23
- 2023Deep Learning for Camera Calibration and Beyond: A Surveycited by 20
- 2023Meta-Explore: Exploratory Hierarchical Vision-and-Language Navigation Using Scene Object Spectrum Groundingcited by 18
- 2024NavAgent: Multi-scale Urban Street View Fusion For UAV Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 18
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026Mine Odyssey: Benchmarking Spatial Agentic Intelligence in the Wild8 Oct 2026
- 2025Audio-Visual Camera Pose Estimation with Passive Scene Sounds and In-the-Wild Video13 Dec 2025
- 2025PANORAMA: The Rise of Omnidirectional Vision in the Embodied AI Era16 Sep 2025
- 2025Geolocation with Real Human Gameplay Data: A Large-Scale Dataset and Human-Like Reasoning Framework19 Feb 2025
- 2024CityWalker: Learning Embodied Urban Navigation from Web-Scale Videos26 Nov 2024
- 2024PEnG: Pose-Enhanced Geo-Localisation24 Nov 2024
- 2024NavAgent: Multi-scale Urban Street View Fusion For UAV Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation13 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning Dynamic Cognitive Map with Autonomous Navigation13 Nov 2024
- 2024Extreme Rotation Estimation in the Wild11 Nov 2024
- 2024Exploring and Learning Structure: Active Inference Approach in Navigational Agents12 Aug 2024
- 2024OpenStreetView-5M: The Many Roads to Global Visual Geolocation29 Apr 2024
- 2024Continual Vision-and-Language Navigation22 Mar 2024
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)