PersonaEval: Are LLM Evaluators Human Enough to Judge Role-Play?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Current role-play studies often rely on unvalidated LLM-as-a-judge paradigms, which may fail to reflect how humans perceive role fidelity. A key prerequisite for human-aligned evaluation is role identification, the ability to recognize who is speaking based on dialogue context. We argue that any meaningful judgment of role-playing quality (how well a character is played) fundamentally depends on first correctly attributing words and actions to the correct persona (who is speaking). We present PersonaEval, the first benchmark designed to test whether LLM evaluators can reliably identify human roles. PersonaEval uses human-authored dialogues from novels, scripts, and video transcripts, challenging models to determine the correct persona according to the conversation context. Our experiments, including a human study, show that even the best-performing LLMs reach only around 69% accuracy, well below the level needed for reliable evaluation. In contrast, human participants perform near ceiling with 90.8% accuracy, highlighting that current LLM evaluators are still not human enough to effectively judge role-play scenarios. To better understand this gap, we examine training-time adaptation and test-time compute, suggesting that reliable evaluation requires more than task-specific tuning, but depends on strong, human-like reasoning abilities in LLM evaluators. We release our benchmark at https://github.com/maple-zhou/PersonaEval.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.
Builds on
35 of 46 references.
References · 35
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23 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 6.
9 papers.
- 2025TwinVoice: A Multi-dimensional Benchmark Towards Digital Twins via LLM Persona Simulationcited by 13
- 2026Reward Modeling from Natural Language Human Feedbackcited by 7
- 2025RoleRMBench & RoleRM: Towards Reward Modeling for Profile-Based Role Play in Dialogue Systemscited by 4
- 2026Stories of Your Life as Others: A Round-Trip Evaluation of LLM-Generated Life Stories Conditioned on Rich Psychometric Profilescited by 2
- 2026Online Agent-as-a-Judge: Situation-Generating Evaluation for Interactive Agentscited by 1
- 2026Role Steering of Language Models for Social Simulationscited by 1
- 2025CreAgentive: An Agent Workflow Driven Multi-Category Creative Generation Enginecited by 0
- 2026BOOKMARKS: Efficient Active Storyline Memory for Role-playingcited by 0
- 2026Back in Style: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Authoring and Measuring Persona Fidelity in User Simulationcited by 0
- 2026Back in Style: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Authoring and Measuring Persona Fidelity in User Simulation7 Oct 2026
- 2026Role Steering of Language Models for Social Simulations9 Jul 2026
- 2026Online Agent-as-a-Judge: Situation-Generating Evaluation for Interactive Agents6 Jun 2026
- 2026BOOKMARKS: Efficient Active Storyline Memory for Role-playing13 May 2026
- 2026Stories of Your Life as Others: A Round-Trip Evaluation of LLM-Generated Life Stories Conditioned on Rich Psychometric Profiles7 Apr 2026
- 2026Reward Modeling from Natural Language Human Feedback12 Jan 2026
- 2025RoleRMBench & RoleRM: Towards Reward Modeling for Profile-Based Role Play in Dialogue Systems11 Dec 2025
- 2025TwinVoice: A Multi-dimensional Benchmark Towards Digital Twins via LLM Persona Simulation29 Oct 2025
- 2025CreAgentive: An Agent Workflow Driven Multi-Category Creative Generation Engine30 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026Rethinking Role-Playing Evaluation: Anonymous Benchmarking and a Systematic Study of Personality Effects
- 2026Cognitive Enhancement: Rethinking the Necessity of Role-Playing for Large Language Models
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- 2025Enhancing Persona Consistency for LLMs' Role-Playing using Persona-Aware Contrastive Learning
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