mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CharacterGLM: Customizing Chinese Conversational AI Characters with Large Language Models

arXiv 2311.16832 ↗First posted 28 Nov 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 34

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present CharacterGLM, a series of models built upon ChatGLM, with model sizes ranging from 6B to 66B parameters. Our CharacterGLM is designed for generating Character-based Dialogues (CharacterDial), which aims to equip a conversational AI system with character customization for satisfying people's inherent social desires and emotional needs. On top of CharacterGLM, we can customize various AI characters or social agents by configuring their attributes (identities, interests, viewpoints, experiences, achievements, social relationships, etc.) and behaviors (linguistic features, emotional expressions, interaction patterns, etc.). Our model outperforms most mainstream close-source large langauge models, including the GPT series, especially in terms of consistency, human-likeness, and engagement according to manual evaluations. We will release our 6B version of CharacterGLM and a subset of training data to facilitate further research development in the direction of character-based dialogue generation.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2023.

Builds on

20 of 39 references.

References · 20

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  5. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  6. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  7. 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,031
  8. 2022GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Modelcited by 843
  9. 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 828
  10. 2020Recipes for building an open-domain chatbotcited by 593
  11. 2020Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbotcited by 470
  12. 2023CodeGeeX: A Pre-Trained Model for Code Generation with Multilingual Benchmarking on HumanEval-Xcited by 300
8 more
  1. 2021Towards Emotional Support Dialog Systemscited by 299
  2. 2022BlenderBot 3: a deployed conversational agent that continually learns to responsibly engagecited by 198
  3. 2023Solving Challenging Math Word Problems Using GPT-4 Code Interpreter with Code-based Self-Verificationcited by 166
  4. 2020PLATO-2: Towards Building an Open-Domain Chatbot via Curriculum Learningcited by 79
  5. 2021PLATO-XL: Exploring the Large-scale Pre-training of Dialogue Generationcited by 37
  6. 2021EVA: An Open-Domain Chinese Dialogue System with Large-Scale Generative Pre-Trainingcited by 34
  7. 2022EVA2.0: Investigating Open-Domain Chinese Dialogue Systems with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 31
  8. 2023Facilitating Multi-turn Emotional Support Conversation with Positive Emotion Elicitation: A Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 15

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 19; 2025: 13; 2026: 2.

34 papers.

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  1. 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,121
  2. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 634
  3. 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 212
  4. 2024Benchmarking Complex Instruction-Following with Multiple Constraints Compositioncited by 152
  5. 2024Hello Again! LLM-powered Personalized Agent for Long-term Dialoguecited by 123
  6. 2025A Comprehensive Survey in LLM(-Agent) Full Stack Safety: Data, Training and Deploymentcited by 116
  7. 2024ChatGLM-Math: Improving Math Problem-Solving in Large Language Models with a Self-Critique Pipelinecited by 47
  8. 2024KARMA: Augmenting Embodied AI Agents with Long-and-short Term Memory Systemscited by 39
  9. 2024Emotional RAG: Enhancing Role-Playing Agents through Emotional Retrievalcited by 26
  10. 2025CoSER: A Comprehensive Literary Dataset and Framework for Training and Evaluating LLM Role-Playing and Persona Simulationcited by 26
  11. 2025OpenCharacter: Training Customizable Role-Playing LLMs with Large-Scale Synthetic Personascited by 25
  12. 2024MMRole: A Comprehensive Framework for Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agentscited by 21
22 more
  1. 2025Sentient Agent as a Judge: Evaluating Higher-Order Social Cognition in Large Language Modelscited by 21
  2. 2024DialSim: A Dialogue Simulator for Evaluating Long-Term Multi-Party Dialogue Understanding of Conversational Agentscited by 20
  3. 2024How Well Can LLMs Echo Us? Evaluating AI Chatbots' Role-Play Ability with ECHOcited by 19
  4. 2025RAIDEN-R1: Improving Role-awareness of LLMs via GRPO with Verifiable Rewardcited by 13
  5. 2025IMPersona: Evaluating Individual Level LM Impersonationcited by 11
  6. 2026HER: Human-like Reasoning and Reinforcement Learning for LLM Role-playingcited by 10
  7. 2025PersonaEval: Are LLM Evaluators Human Enough to Judge Role-Play?cited by 9
  8. 2024SimulBench: Evaluating Language Models with Creative Simulation Taskscited by 8
  9. 2024PersonaMark: Personalized LLM watermarking for model protection and user attributioncited by 7
  10. 2024PersLLM: A Personified Training Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 6
  11. 2024Thinking Before Speaking: A Role-playing Model with Mindsetcited by 5
  12. 2025Guess What I am Thinking: A Benchmark for Inner Thought Reasoning of Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 5
  13. 2025PsyMem: Fine-grained psychological alignment and Explicit Memory Control for Advanced Role-Playing LLMscited by 5
  14. 2024Automatically Generating Numerous Context-Driven SFT Data for LLMs across Diverse Granularitycited by 4
  15. 2024Tell Me What You Don't Know: Enhancing Refusal Capabilities of Role-Playing Agents via Representation Space Analysis and Editingcited by 3
  16. 2025Can LLMs Simulate Personas with Reversed Performance? A Systematic Investigation for Counterfactual Instruction Following in Math Reasoning Contextcited by 3
  17. 2025H2HTalk: Evaluating Large Language Models as Emotional Companioncited by 3
  18. 2025Concept Incongruence: An Exploration of Time and Death in Role Playingcited by 2
  19. 2025Think Socially via Cognitive Reasoningcited by 2
  20. 2024CharacterBench: Benchmarking Character Customization of Large Language Modelscited by 1
  21. 2024SAG: Style-Aligned Article Generation via Model Collaborationcited by 0
  22. 2026Ex-Omni-2D: Expressive Omni-Modal Dialogue Models with Native Visual Presencecited by 0