DDL: A Large-Scale Dataset for Deepfake Detection and Localization in Diversified Real-World Scenarios
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in AIGC have exacerbated the misuse of malicious deepfake content, making the development of reliable deepfake detection methods an essential means to address this challenge. Although existing deepfake detection models demonstrate outstanding performance in detection metrics, most methods only provide simple binary classification results, lacking interpretability. Recent studies have attempted to enhance the interpretability of classification results by providing spatial manipulation masks or temporal forgery segments. However, due to the limitations of forgery datasets, the practical effectiveness of these methods remains suboptimal. The primary reason lies in the fact that most existing deepfake datasets contain only binary labels, with limited variety in forgery scenarios, insufficient diversity in deepfake types, and relatively small data scales, making them inadequate for complex real-world scenarios. To address this predicament, we construct a novel large-scale deepfake detection and localization (DDL) dataset containing 1.4M+ forged samples and encompassing 80 distinct deepfake methods. The DDL design incorporates four key innovations: (1) Comprehensive Deepfake Methods (covering 7 different generation architectures and a total of 80 methods), (2) Varied Manipulation Modes (incorporating 7 classic and 3 novel forgery modes), (3) Diverse Forgery Scenarios and Modalities (including 3 scenarios and 3 modalities), and (4) Fine-grained Forgery Annotations (providing 1.18M+ precise spatial masks and 0.23M+ precise temporal segments). Through these improvements, our DDL not only provides a more challenging benchmark for complex real-world forgeries but also offers crucial support for building next-generation deepfake detection, localization, and interpretability methods.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2025.
Builds on
36 of 73 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
4 papers.
- 2026Robust Deepfake Detection, NTIRE 2026 Challenge: Reportcited by 6
- 2026PATE-Forensics: Perception-as-Tool for Explainable Deepfake Forensics with General-Purpose MLLMscited by 1
- 2025Morphology-optimized Multi-Scale Fusion: Combining Local Artifacts and Mesoscopic Semantics for Deepfake Detection and Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Robust Deepfake Detection: Mitigating Spatial Attention Drift via Calibrated Complementary Ensemblescited by 0
- 2026PATE-Forensics: Perception-as-Tool for Explainable Deepfake Forensics with General-Purpose MLLMs19 Aug 2026
- 2026Robust Deepfake Detection: Mitigating Spatial Attention Drift via Calibrated Complementary Ensembles28 Apr 2026
- 2026Robust Deepfake Detection, NTIRE 2026 Challenge: Report27 Apr 2026
- 2025Morphology-optimized Multi-Scale Fusion: Combining Local Artifacts and Mesoscopic Semantics for Deepfake Detection and Localization17 Sep 2025