WildSpeech-Bench: Benchmarking End-to-End SpeechLLMs in the Wild
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent multi-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o have demonstrated strong capabilities of direct speech interaction. However, the lack of specialized and comprehensive benchmarks for end-to-end speech LLM evaluation hinders optimizing the user experience of Audio LLMs in real-world applications. Existing evaluation methods often adapt text-based benchmarks, overlooking speech's unique characteristics and challenges, including prosody, homophones, stuttering, and differing user expectations. Here, we introduce the first comprehensive benchmark designed to systematically evaluate end-to-end speechLLMs in practical speech conversations. We systematically curate real-world chat data relevant to spoken scenarios, introduce diversity in speaker attributes and acoustic conditions, and augment the dataset with speech-specific phenomena. We further design a query-aware evaluation method to use customized evaluation checklists and prompts to enhance the accuracy of automatic evaluation. We conduct comprehensive testing and detailed analysis of various mainstream speech models, revealing significant differences in model performance across different speech scenarios. The use of query-aware evaluation further enables a finer-grained assessment under various speech-specific scenarios. Our benchmark can provide valuable insights for speech model development and evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 37 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jun 2025.
Builds on
37 of 47 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2025MinMo: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Seamless Voice Interaction10 Jan
- 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLM1 Nov
- 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone3 Aug
- 2023SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilities18 May
Other references · 33
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,955
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,164
- 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 736
- 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 649
- 2024WildChat: 1M ChatGPT Interaction Logs in the Wildcited by 629
- 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 568
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 560
- 2024From Crowdsourced Data to High-Quality Benchmarks: Arena-Hard and BenchBuilder Pipelinecited by 500
21 more
- 2016A Corpus and Evaluation Framework for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Storiescited by 417
- 2022UTMOS: UTokyo-SaruLab System for VoiceMOS Challenge 2022cited by 390
- 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 288
- 2024GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbotcited by 224
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 222
- 2024AIR-Bench: Benchmarking Large Audio-Language Models via Generative Comprehensioncited by 220
- 2024WildBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Challenging Tasks from Real Users in the Wildcited by 218
- 2024Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streamingcited by 210
- 2024LLaMA-Omni: Seamless Speech Interaction with Large Language Modelscited by 173
- 2018The Design and Implementation of XiaoIce, an Empathetic Social Chatbotcited by 172
- 2024Mini-Omni2: Towards Open-source GPT-4o with Vision, Speech and Duplex Capabilitiescited by 109
- 2023Textually Pretrained Speech Language Modelscited by 101
- 2021Dialogue State Tracking with a Language Model using Schema-Driven Promptingcited by 94
- 2024SD-Eval: A Benchmark Dataset for Spoken Dialogue Understanding Beyond Wordscited by 68
- 2025Baichuan-Audio: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Speech Interactioncited by 68
- 2024OmniFlatten: An End-to-end GPT Model for Seamless Voice Conversationcited by 60
- 2023The Shifted and The Overlooked: A Task-oriented Investigation of User-GPT Interactionscited by 45
- 2025VITA-Audio: Fast Interleaved Cross-Modal Token Generation for Efficient Large Speech-Language Modelcited by 31
- 2023Towards LLM-driven Dialogue State Trackingcited by 25
- 2022"Do you follow me?": A Survey of Recent Approaches in Dialogue State Trackingcited by 22
- 2024AS-70: A Mandarin stuttered speech dataset for automatic speech recognition and stuttering event detectioncited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 12.
13 papers.
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- 2026Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 174
- 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domainscited by 36
- 2026GaP: A Graph-as-Policy Multi-Agent Self-Learning Harness For Variational Automation Taskscited by 14
- 2026WavBench: Benchmarking Reasoning, Colloquialism, and Paralinguistics for End-to-End Spoken Dialogue Modelscited by 6
- 2025Conversational Speech Reveals Structural Robustness Failures in SpeechLLM Backbonescited by 2
- 2026MIST: Multimodal Interactive Speech-based Tool-calling Conversational Assistants for Smart Homescited by 2
- 2026Qwen3.8-Omni: Towards Native Omni-Modal Agentscited by 2
- 2026Beyond Transcription: Unified Audio Schema for Perception-Aware AudioLLMscited by 1
- 2026Back to Basics: Revisiting ASR in the Age of Voice Agentscited by 0
- 2026UniAudio-Token: Empowering Semantic Speech Tokenizers with General Audio Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026A Cross Community Agenda for Speech AIcited by 0
- 2026Do Audio LLMs Listen Before They Act? Diagnosing Acoustic-Context Gating in Voice Agentscited by 0
- 2026From Acoustic Sensing to Physical Actions: A Comprehensive Survey of Security Risks in Edge-Deployed Audio LLM-Based Agents11 Oct 2026
- 2026Do Audio LLMs Listen Before They Act? Diagnosing Acoustic-Context Gating in Voice Agents26 Sep 2026
- 2026Qwen3.8-Omni: Towards Native Omni-Modal Agents22 Sep 2026
- 2026A Cross Community Agenda for Speech AI22 Jul 2026
- 2026GaP: A Graph-as-Policy Multi-Agent Self-Learning Harness For Variational Automation Tasks6 Jul 2026
- 2026UniAudio-Token: Empowering Semantic Speech Tokenizers with General Audio Perception29 May 2026
- 2026MIST: Multimodal Interactive Speech-based Tool-calling Conversational Assistants for Smart Homes7 May 2026
- 2026Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Report17 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Transcription: Unified Audio Schema for Perception-Aware AudioLLMs14 Apr 2026
- 2026Back to Basics: Revisiting ASR in the Age of Voice Agents26 Mar 2026
- 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domains14 Mar 2026
- 2026WavBench: Benchmarking Reasoning, Colloquialism, and Paralinguistics for End-to-End Spoken Dialogue Models12 Feb 2026
1 more
- 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domainscited by 36
- 2026GaP: A Graph-as-Policy Multi-Agent Self-Learning Harness For Variational Automation Taskscited by 14
- 2026MIST: Multimodal Interactive Speech-based Tool-calling Conversational Assistants for Smart Homescited by 2
- 2026Qwen3.8-Omni: Towards Native Omni-Modal Agentscited by 2
- 2026Do Audio LLMs Listen Before They Act? Diagnosing Acoustic-Context Gating in Voice Agentscited by 0
- 2026From Acoustic Sensing to Physical Actions: A Comprehensive Survey of Security Risks in Edge-Deployed Audio LLM-Based Agentscited by 0
- 2026From Acoustic Sensing to Physical Actions: A Comprehensive Survey of Security Risks in Edge-Deployed Audio LLM-Based Agents11 Oct 2026
- 2026Do Audio LLMs Listen Before They Act? Diagnosing Acoustic-Context Gating in Voice Agents26 Sep 2026
- 2026Qwen3.8-Omni: Towards Native Omni-Modal Agents22 Sep 2026
- 2026GaP: A Graph-as-Policy Multi-Agent Self-Learning Harness For Variational Automation Tasks6 Jul 2026
- 2026MIST: Multimodal Interactive Speech-based Tool-calling Conversational Assistants for Smart Homes7 May 2026
- 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domains14 Mar 2026
- 2026Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 174
- 2026Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Report17 Apr 2026
- 2025Conversational Speech Reveals Structural Robustness Failures in SpeechLLM Backbonescited by 2
- 2026Beyond Transcription: Unified Audio Schema for Perception-Aware AudioLLMscited by 1
- 2026Back to Basics: Revisiting ASR in the Age of Voice Agentscited by 0
- 2026UniAudio-Token: Empowering Semantic Speech Tokenizers with General Audio Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026A Cross Community Agenda for Speech AIcited by 0
- 2026A Cross Community Agenda for Speech AI22 Jul 2026
- 2026UniAudio-Token: Empowering Semantic Speech Tokenizers with General Audio Perception29 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Transcription: Unified Audio Schema for Perception-Aware AudioLLMs14 Apr 2026
- 2026Back to Basics: Revisiting ASR in the Age of Voice Agents26 Mar 2026
- 2025Conversational Speech Reveals Structural Robustness Failures in SpeechLLM Backbones24 Sep 2025
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- 2025AU-Harness: An Open-Source Toolkit for Holistic Evaluation of Audio LLMs
- 2025BLAB: Brutally Long Audio Bench
- 2026PolySpeech-100: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Speech Understanding Across 100+ Languages and Dialects
- 2025VocalBench-zh: Decomposing and Benchmarking the Speech Conversational Abilities in Mandarin Context
- 2025AHELM: A Holistic Evaluation of Audio-Language Models
- 2025Benchmarking Contextual and Paralinguistic Reasoning in Speech-LLMs: A Case Study with In-the-Wild Data
- 2026KVoiceBench, KOpenAudioBench, and KMMAU: Agent-Driven Korean Speech Benchmarks for Evaluating SpeechLMs