mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Conversational Speech Reveals Structural Robustness Failures in SpeechLLM Backbones

arXiv 2509.20321 ↗First posted 24 Sep 2025cs.CL cs.AI eess.AScited by 2

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

LLMs serve as the backbone in SpeechLLMs, yet their behavior on spontaneous conversational input remains poorly understood. Conversational speech contains pervasive disfluencies -- interjections, edits, and parentheticals -- that are rare in the written corpora used for pre-training. Because gold disfluency removal is a deletion-only task, it serves as a controlled probe to determine whether a model performs faithful structural repair or biased reinterpretation. Using the DRES evaluation framework, we evaluate proprietary and open-source LLMs across architectures and scales. We show that model performance clusters into stable precision-recall regimes reflecting distinct editing policies. Notably, reasoning models systematically over-delete fluent content, revealing a bias toward semantic abstraction over structural fidelity. While fine-tuning achieves SOTA results, it harms generalization. Our findings demonstrate that robustness to speech is shaped by specific training objectives.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2025.

Builds on

36 of 70 references.

References · 36

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  4. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  5. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  6. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  7. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  8. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
  9. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  10. 2020BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generationcited by 1,196
  11. 2020COMET: A Neural Framework for MT Evaluationcited by 1,024
  12. 2018CoQA: A Conversational Question Answering Challengecited by 674
24 more
  1. 2025SFT Memorizes, RL Generalizes: A Comparative Study of Foundation Model Post-trainingcited by 655
  2. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAscited by 491
  3. 2024MobileLLM: Optimizing Sub-billion Parameter Language Models for On-Device Use Casescited by 216
  4. 2025SFT or RL? An Early Investigation into Training R1-Like Reasoning Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 209
  5. 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 116
  6. 2023An LLM can Fool Itself: A Prompt-Based Adversarial Attackcited by 111
  7. 2024WavLLM: Towards Robust and Adaptive Speech Large Language Modelcited by 107
  8. 2025Does Math Reasoning Improve General LLM Capabilities? Understanding Transferability of LLM Reasoningcited by 101
  9. 2024Recent Advances in Speech Language Models: A Surveycited by 85
  10. 2024MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notescited by 77
  11. 2024A Survey on Speech Large Language Models for Understandingcited by 71
  12. 2025Audio-CoT: Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio Language Modelcited by 60
  13. 2023Active Instruction Tuning: Improving Cross-Task Generalization by Training on Prompt Sensitive Taskscited by 53
  14. 2024Careless Whisper: Speech-to-Text Hallucination Harmscited by 53
  15. 2016Disfluency Detection using a Bidirectional LSTMcited by 31
  16. 2020Improving Disfluency Detection by Self-Training a Self-Attentive Modelcited by 25
  17. 2025Enhancing LLM Robustness to Perturbed Instructions: An Empirical Studycited by 17
  18. 2025VoxEval: Benchmarking the Knowledge Understanding Capabilities of End-to-End Spoken Language Modelscited by 16
  19. 2024Lost in Transcription: Identifying and Quantifying the Accuracy Biases of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems Against Disfluent Speechcited by 15
  20. 2025WildSpeech-Bench: Benchmarking End-to-End SpeechLLMs in the Wildcited by 11
  21. 2025When Large Language Models Meet Speech: A Survey on Integration Approachescited by 9
  22. 2023Fillers in Spoken Language Understanding: Computational and Psycholinguistic Perspectivescited by 5
  23. 2025Summarizing Speech: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 5
  24. 2025Evaluating and Improving Robustness in Large Language Models: A Survey and Future Directionscited by 5

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Evaluating Concurrent Robustness of Language Models Across Diverse Challenge Sets
  2. 2025VocalBench-DF: A Benchmark for Evaluating Speech LLM Robustness to Disfluency
  3. 2025High Accuracy, Less Talk (HALT): Reliable LLMs through Capability-Aligned Finetuning
  4. 2025Fidelity Before Structure: Verbatim Chunks Beat Lossy Artifact Extraction in Long-Conversation LLM Memory
  5. 2026Lost in Reordering: Structural Sensitivity of Multilingual LLMs under Semantics-Preserving Perturbations
  6. 2026LPDS: Evaluating LLM Robustness Through Logic-Preserving Difficulty Scaling
  7. 2026A Dialectic Pipeline for Improving LLM Robustness
  8. 2025PragWorld: A Benchmark Evaluating LLMs' Local World Model under Minimal Linguistic Alterations and Conversational Dynamics